.22 Short

.22 Short
.22 Short, left; .22 Long Rifle, right
Type	Rifle
Place of origin	United States
Production history
Manufacturer	Smith & Wesson
Produced	1857–present
Specifications
Case type	Rimmed, straight
Bullet diameter	.222 in (5.6 mm)
Neck diameter	.226 in (5.7 mm)
Base diameter	.226 in (5.7 mm)
Rim diameter	.278 in (7.1 mm)
Rim thickness	.043 in (1.1 mm)
Case length	.421 in (10.7 mm)
Overall length	.695 in (17.7 mm)
Rifling twist	1-20" or 1-24"
Primer type	Rimfire
Maximum pressure	21,000 psi (140 MPa)
Ballistic performance
Bullet mass/type Velocity Energy 27 gr. (1.8 g) RN 1,164 ft/s (355 m/s) 87 ft⋅lbf (118 J) 29 gr. (1.9 g) RN 830 ft/s (250 m/s) 44 ft⋅lbf (60 J) 29 gr. (1.9 g) RN 1,132 ft/s (345 m/s) 82 ft⋅lbf (111 J)

.22 Short is a variety of .22 caliber rimfire ammunition. Developed in 1857 for the first Smith & Wesson revolver, the .22 rimfire was the first American metallic cartridge.^[1] The original loading was a 29 or 30 gr (0.066 or 0.069 oz; 1.879 or 1.944 g) bullet and 4 gr (0.0091 oz; 0.2592 g) of black powder. The original .22 rimfire cartridge was renamed .22 Short with the introduction of the .22 Long in 1871.^[1]

Developed for self defense, the modern .22 Short, though still used in a few pocket pistols and mini-revolvers, is mainly used as a quiet round for practice by the recreational shooter. The .22 Short was popularly used in shooting galleries at fairs and arcades; several rifle makers produced "gallery" models for .22 Short exclusively. Due to its low recoil and good inherent accuracy, the .22 Short was used for the Olympic 25 meter rapid fire pistol event until 2004, and they were allowed in the shooting part of modern pentathlon competitions before they switched to air pistols.^[1]

Several makes of starter pistols use .22 Short blank cartridges. Some powder-actuated nail guns use .22 Short blanks as a power source.