Class of enzymes
"GS-II" redirects here. For other, see
GS2 .
1,3-Beta-glucan synthase is a glucosyltransferase enzyme involved in the generation of beta-glucan in fungi . It serves as a pharmacological target for antifungal drugs such as caspofungin , anidulafungin , and micafungin , deemed 1,3-Beta-glucan synthase inhibitors . Under the CAZy classification system, fungi and plant members fall in the glycosyltransferase 48 family (GT48 ).[ 2] Some members of the glycosyltransferase 2 family (Pfam PF13632 ), such as the curdlan synthase CrdS (Q9X2V0 ), also has a similar activity.[ 3]
The biosynthesis of disaccharides, oligosaccharides , and polysaccharides involves the action of hundreds of different glycosyltransferases . These enzymes catalyse the transfer of sugar moieties from activated donor molecules to specific acceptor molecules, forming glycosidic bonds .
The family consists of various 1,3-beta-glucan synthase components including Gls1, Gls2, and Gls3 from yeast . 1,3-Beta-glucan synthase (EC 2.4.1.34. ) also known as callose synthase catalyses the formation of a beta-1,3-glucan polymer that is a major component of the fungal cell wall .[ 4] The reaction catalysed is:
UDP-glucose + {(1,3)-beta-D-glucosyl}(N) = UDP + {(1,3)-beta-D-glucosyl}(N+1).
^ a b c KFLGG, ENZYME: 2.4.1.34
^ Campbell JA, Davies GJ, Bulone V, Henrissat B (September 1997). "A classification of nucleotide-diphospho-sugar glycosyltransferases based on amino acid sequence similarities" . Biochem. J . 326 (3): 929–39. doi :10.1042/bj3260929u . PMC 1218753 . PMID 9334165 .
^ Karnezis T, Epa VC, Stone BA, Stanisich VA (2003). "Topological characterization of an inner membrane (1→3)-beta-D-glucan (curdlan) synthase from Agrobacterium sp. strain ATCC31749" . Glycobiology . 13 (10): 693–706. doi :10.1093/glycob/cwg093 . PMID 12851288 .
^ Mio T, Adachi-Shimizu M, Tachibana Y, Tabuchi H, Inoue SB, Yabe T, Yamada-Okabe T, Arisawa M, Watanabe T, Yamada-Okabe H (July 1997). "Cloning of the Candida albicans homolog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae GSC1/FKS1 and its involvement in beta-1,3-glucan synthesis" . J. Bacteriol . 179 (13): 4096–105. doi :10.1128/jb.179.13.4096-4105.1997 . PMC 179227 . PMID 9209021 .