130s

The Temple of Olympian Zeus (at the time the largest temple in Greece), completed in 131 after 638 years.

The 130s was a decade that ran from January 1, 130, to December 31, 139.

The Roman Empire was under the rule of Emperor Hadrian, and after 138, Antonius Pius. During the middle of the decade, Jewish leader Simon bar Kokhba led a large-scale armed rebellion against the Romans in Judea, known as the Bar Kokhba revolt. This was the last of the major Jewish–Roman wars. However, the revolt was quelled in 135 by the Romans and the rebels' Jewish state was destroyed. The Romans retook Jerusalem and named it Aelia Capitolina. The Romans also fought wars with the Alani and the Suebi tribes.

In Asia, the Temple of Baalshamin was built in Palmyra, which became rich after the city introduced tax laws for trade. Chinese astronomer and inventor Zhang Heng was also active during this period, inventing and presenting the first seismoscope in 132.

Events

130

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131

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  • Emperor Hadrian builds the city Aelia Capitolina, on the location of Jerusalem.
  • The Praetor's Edict is definitively codified by Salvius Julianus, on Hadrian's orders. This change means that senatorial decrees become a mere confirmation of the imperial speech (oratio principis) which initiated them.
  • Reorganization of the Imperial Council: Central administration is reinforced, and administrative positions are entrusted to knights, according to a very strict hierarchy. Under the reorganization, the Roman Senate is excluded from controlling the business of state.
  • Hadrian restores the monarchist policy of Claudius and Domitian. The equestrian order is given full legal status, and attains the second order of the state.
  • Italy is divided into legal districts managed by consuls, a direct blow to the power and prestige of the Senate.

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Religion
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  • The Edict of Hadrian prohibits the practice of circumcision. Additionally, Hadrian prohibits public reading of the Torah under penalty of death, as well as observance of festivals and the Sabbath, the teaching of Judaic Law, and the ordination of rabbis.
  • The Temple of Baalshamin is built in Palmyra.[1]

132

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Asia
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  • Change of era name from Yongjian (7th year) to Yangjia of the Chinese Han dynasty.

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Art and Science
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133

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134

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Architecture
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135


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Asia
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  • Last (4th) year of Yangjia era of the Chinese Han Dynasty.

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Religion
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136

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Asia
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Religion
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137

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138

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Commerce
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  • The silver content of the Roman denarius falls to 75 percent under Emperor Antoninus Pius, down from 87 percent under Hadrian.

139

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Roman Empire
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  1. ^ Javier Teixidor (2015). The Pagan God: Popular Religion in the Greco-Roman Near East. Princeton University Press. p. 132. ISBN 1400871395.
  2. ^ "Bar Khabha Revolt". Britannica.com. Retrieved 16 November 2022.
  3. ^ "List of Rulers of Korea". www.metmuseum.org. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
  4. ^ "Eleutherius". Official website of the Ecumenic Patriarchate of Constantinople. Retrieved 1 August 2022.
  5. ^ Asakura, Hironori (2003). World history of the customs and tariffs. World Customs Organization. p. 90. ISBN 978-2-87492-021-9.
  6. ^ Claridge, Amanda (2010). Rome: An Oxford Archaeological Guide. Oxford University Press. p. 411. ISBN 9780199546831.