1510 influenza pandemic

1510 flu pandemic
The 1510 flu pandemic was the first to be chronicled across continents.
The 1510 flu pandemic was the first to be chronicled across continents.
DiseaseInfluenza
Virus strainunknown
LocationAsia, Africa, and Europe
DateEarly Summer to Fall of 1510
Deaths
unknown, death rate ~1% [1]

In 1510, an acute respiratory disease emerged in Asia[2][1][3] before spreading through North Africa and Europe during the first chronicled, inter-regional flu pandemic generally recognized by medical historians and epidemiologists.[4][1][5][6][7][8][9] Influenza-like illnesses had been documented in Europe since at least Charlemagne,[1] with 1357's outbreak the first to be called influenza,[10][8] but the 1510 flu pandemic is the first to be pathologically described[11][12] following communication advances brought about by the printing press. Flu became more widely referred to as coqueluche and coccolucio in France and Sicily during this pandemic,[13][14] variations of which became the most popular names for flu in early modern Europe.[1] The pandemic caused significant disruption in government, church, and society[15][3][6] with near-universal infection[16] and a mortality rate of around 1%.[1]

  1. ^ a b c d e f Cite error: The named reference :02 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference :1 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference :14 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Cite error: The named reference :3 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  5. ^ Ghendon, Youri (1994). "Introduction to Pandemic Influenza through History on". European Journal of Epidemiology. 10 (4): 451–453. doi:10.1007/BF01719673. JSTOR 3520976. PMID 7843353. S2CID 2258464.
  6. ^ a b Morens, David; Taubengerger, Jeffrey; Folkers, Gregory; Fauci, Anthony (15 December 2010). "Pandemic Influenza's 500th Anniversary". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 51 (12): 1442–1444. doi:10.1086/657429. PMC 3106245. PMID 21067353.
  7. ^ FORBES, JOHN (1839). The British and Foreign Medical Review of Quarterly Journal of Practical Medicine and Surgery. p. 108.
  8. ^ a b Morens, David M.; Taubenberger, Jeffery K. (27 June 2011). "Pandemic influenza: certain uncertainties". Reviews in Medical Virology. 21 (5): 262–284. doi:10.1002/rmv.689. ISSN 1052-9276. PMC 3246071. PMID 21706672.
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference :16 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ Cite error: The named reference :2 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ Trafzer, Clifford E.; McCoy, Robert R. (2009-03-20). Forgotten Voices: Death Records of the Yakama, 1888-1964. Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press (Rowman & Littlefield). p. 109. ISBN 978-0-8108-6648-5.
  12. ^ "Scientists explore 1510 influenza pandemic and lessons learned". ScienceDaily. Retrieved 2020-03-25.
  13. ^ Dictionnaire encyclopédique des sciences médicales (in French). Asselin. 1877. p. 332.
  14. ^ Cite error: The named reference :11 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  15. ^ Cite error: The named reference :12 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  16. ^ Schweich, Heinrich; Heckler, Justus Friedrich Carl (1836). Die Influenza. Ein historischer und ätiologischer Versuch ... Mit einer Vorrede von ... J. F. C. Hecker (in German). p. 57.