  | |
| Local date | December 16, 1575 |
|---|---|
| Local time | 14:30 |
| Magnitude | 8.5 Ms[1] 9.0+ Mw |
| Epicenter | 39°48′S 73°12′W / 39.8°S 73.2°W[1] |
| Type | Megathrust |
| Areas affected | Valdivia, Chile |
The 1575 Valdivia earthquake occurred at 14:30 local time on December 16.[2] It had an estimated magnitude of 8.5 of on the surface-wave magnitude scale and an estimated magnitude of 9.0+[3] on the Moment magnitude scale and led to the flood of Valdivia, Chile.
Pedro Mariño de Lobera, who was corregidor of Valdivia by that time, wrote that the waters of the river opened like the Red Sea, one part flowing upstream and one downstream. Mariño de Lobera also evacuated the city until the dam at Laguna de Anigua (nowadays Riñihue Lake) burst. At that moment he wrote that, while many Native people died, no Spaniards did, as the settlement of Valdivia was moved temporarily away from the riverside.
The effects of this earthquake are similar to the 1960 Valdivia earthquake, the largest ever recorded on earth, which also caused ensuing Riñihuazo flooding. These similarities show that large earthquakes have a pattern that span over several centuries.[4]
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
NGDCwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Servicio Sismológico Universidad de Chile. "Sismos Importantes y/o Destructivos (1570 – a la Fecha) ( Magnitud Ms mayor o igual a 7.0 )" (in Spanish). Retrieved 15 November 2021.
- ^ Hocking, Emma (2021). "Geological evidence of an unreported historical Chilean tsunami reveals more frequent inundation". Communications Earth & Environment. 2 (245): 245. Bibcode:2021ComEE...2..245H. doi:10.1038/s43247-021-00319-z. S2CID 245010455. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
- ^ Cisternas, Marco; Atwater, Brian; Torrejon, Fernando; Sawai, Yuki; Machuca, Gonzalo; Lagos, Marcelo; Eipert, Annaliese; Youlton, Cristian; Slagado, Ignacio; Kamataki, Takanobu; Shishkura, Masanobu; Rajendran, C.P.; Malik, Javed; Rizal, Yan; Husni, Muhammad (15 September 2005). "Predecessors of the giant 1960 Chile earthquake" (PDF). Nature. 437 (7057): 404–407. Bibcode:2005Natur.437..404C. doi:10.1038/nature03943. PMID 16163355. S2CID 4398549.