1638 Tipu rebellion

1638 Tipu rebellion
1638 Tipu rebellion
1638 revolt of Maya reducción settlements in the Bacalar district
	Night Scene from the Inquisition / 1810 oil on canvas by F. Goya / via Google
Date	June 1638 – December 1638
Location	Tipu; 17°04′47″N 89°04′48″W / 17.07967653461554°N 89.07995945199652°W
Caused by	Maya prophecies regarding the start of k'atun 1 ahaw; discontent regarding civil and religious requirements under encomienda; Anglo-Dutch piratical raids;
Goals	expulsion of Spanish friars and encomenderos; freedom of movement; freedom of conscience;
Methods	desertion of reducción or encomienda settlements; threats of force;
Resulted in	collapse of Spanish control over the district of Bacalar; relocation of Bacalar;
Parties
Tipu; Peten Itza; 8 reducción hamlets;	Bacalar; Colonial Yucatan; 6 reducción hamlets;
Lead figures
	Batab of Tipu; Kan Ek' of Peten Itza; Pedro Noh (a batab); Francisco Yam (batab); Luis Kinil (batab); Pedro Noh (batab); Gaspar Chuc (captain); Gaspar Puc (alcalde); Andrés Uxul; Diego Zapata de Cárdenas (governor); Luis Sánchez de Aguilar (alcalde); Gregorio Marín de Aguilar (friar); Francisco Sánchez de la Seña (alférez mayor); Cristóbal Delgado (regidor); Bartolomé Gómez de Santoyo (regidor); Juan Martín de los Cedros (scribe);
Number
c. 300 families (Maya)	c. 50 vecinos (Spanish); < 150 families (Maya);
Casualties and losses
Death(s)	1 friar (of illness)
Injuries	9 to 10 Mayas (tortured); > 80 Maya children and adults (whipped);
Arrested	9 to 10 Mayas
Damage	3 to 8 hamlets burnt (by residents)
Detained	> 80 Maya children and adults; 2 Franciscan friars + 1 Maya guide;

The 1638 Tipu rebellion was a widespread revolt of Maya residents in the municipio or district of Bacalar in the second half of 1638. Led by Tipu, a pre-Columbian town and the most significant reducción or encomienda settlement in the district, it resulted in the removal of Bacalar and subsequent collapse of Spanish power in the region, leading to a 57-year revival of the Postclassic state of Dzuluinicob, of which Tipu had been capital.^{[note 1]}^{[note 2]}
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