1690s

The 1690s decade ran from January 1, 1690, to December 31, 1699.

Events

1690

January–March

[edit]

April–June

[edit]

July–September

[edit]

October–December

[edit]

Date unknown

[edit]

1691

January–March

[edit]

April–June

[edit]

July–September

[edit]

October–December

[edit]

Date unknown

[edit]

1692

January–March

[edit]

April–June

[edit]

July–September

[edit]

October–December

[edit]

1693

January–March

[edit]

April–June

[edit]

July–September

[edit]

October–December

[edit]

Date unknown

[edit]

1694

January–March

[edit]

April–June

[edit]

July–September

[edit]

October–December

[edit]

Date unknown

[edit]

1695

January–March

[edit]

April–June

[edit]

July–September

[edit]

October–December

[edit]
  • October 11King William III of England dissolves Parliament in the wake of a scandal involving former Speaker of the House of Commons John Trevor and other Tory MPs.
  • October 25 – The 48-gun English Navy ship HMS Berkeley Castle is captured by the French Navy.
  • November 22 – The new Parliament, with 513 members of the House of Commons is opened by King William III. Commons is composed of 257 Whigs (who hold a majority of one), 203 Tories and 53 members of other parties or independents.
  • December 6 – A total eclipse of the sun is visible across the Middle East and western Asia.[80]
  • December 31 – A window tax is imposed in England.[75] Some windows are bricked up to avoid it.

Date unknown

[edit]

1696

January–March

[edit]

April–June

[edit]

July–September

[edit]

October–December

[edit]

Date unknown

[edit]

1697

January–March

[edit]

April–June

[edit]

July–September

[edit]

October–December

[edit]

Date unknown

[edit]

1698

January–March

[edit]

April–June

[edit]

July–September

[edit]

October–December

[edit]

Date unknown

[edit]

1699


January–March

[edit]

April–June

[edit]

July–September

[edit]

October–December

[edit]

Births

1690

Susanna Montgomerie, Countess of Eglinton born 1 January
Francesco Maria Veracini born 1 February
Kilian Stobæus born 6 February
Maria Vittoria of Savoy born 9 February
Sangram Singh II born 24 March
Louis Petit de Bachaumont born 2 June
George Albert, Prince of East Frisia born 13 June
Epes Sargent (soldier) born 12 July
Martha Blount born 15 October
Peter Tordenskjold born 28 October
Martin Folkes born 29 October
Carlo Lodoli born 28 November

1691

George Lillo born 3 February
Francesco Alborea born 7 March
James Alexander (lawyer) born 27 May
Giovanni Paolo Panini born 17 June
Alessandro Galilei born 25 August
Arthur Onslow born 1 October
Tsarevna Catherine Ivanovna of Russia born 20 October
Dudley Ryder (judge) born 4 November
Cornelis Pronk born 10 December

1692

Petrus Wesseling born 7 January
Pierre-Claude Nivelle de La Chaussée born 14 February
Christian David born 17 February
John Byrom born 29 February
Pieter van Musschenbroek born 14 March
Joseph Highmore born 13 June
Louisa Maria Stuart born 28 June
Elisabeth Farnese born 25 October
Anne Claude de Caylus born 31 October
Louis Racine born 6 November
Laurentius Blumentrost born 8 November

1693

Matthew Hutton (archbishop of Canterbury) born 3 January
José del Campillo born 13 February
Malhar Rao Holkar born 16 March
Mary Alexander born 16 April
Anne Sophie Reventlow born 16 April
Thomas Gent born 4 May
Diego de Torres Villarroel born 17 June
Christian August Hausen born 19 June
Joseph Emanuel Fischer von Erlach born 13 September
Marie-Madeleine de Parabère born 6 October
Louise Élisabeth de Bourbon born 22 November
Nathaniel Appleton born 9 December

1694

Paul of the Cross born 3 January
Henrietta Harley, Countess of Oxford and Countess Mortimer born 11 February
Francis Hutcheson (philosopher) born 8 August
Christiane Charlotte of Württemberg-Winnental born 20 August
Elisha Williams born 26 August
John Vanderbank born 9 September
Yeongjo of Joseon born 13 September
Henry Pelham born 25 September
Tsarevna Praskovya Ivanovna of Russia born 4 October
Augustine Washington born 12 November
Voltaire born 21 November

1695

William Borlase born 2 February
Françoise de Graffigny born 11 February
Abraham Pelt born 11 February
Infante António of Portugal born 15 March
William Greene (colonial governor) born 16 March
Christoph Jacob Trew born 16 April
Henri Pitot born 3 May
Sir Peter Halkett, 2nd Baronet born 21 June
Louise Anne de Bourbon born 23 June
Martin van Meytens born 24 June
Antonio Cocchi born 3 August
Samuel Sandys, 1st Baron Sandys born 10 August
Marie Louise Élisabeth d'Orléans born 20 August

1696

Marco Foscarini born 4 February
Esther Wheelwright born 10 April
Countess Palatine Franziska Christine of Sulzbach born 16 May
Mahmud I born 2 August
Giuseppe Pozzobonelli born 11 August
Charles Gray (Colchester MP) born 20 September
Alphonsus Liguori born 27 September
John Hervey, 2nd Baron Hervey born 13 October
Augustus III of Poland born 17 October
Giulia Crostarosa born 31 October
Conrad Weiser born 2 November
Zorawar Singh (Sikhism) born 17 November
Anne-Madeleine Remuzat born 29 November

1697

William Smellie (obstetrician) born 5 February
Yunli born 24 March
Jean-Marie Leclair born 10 May
Countess Palatine Ernestine of Sulzbach born 15 May
Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor born 6 August
Princess Benedetta d'Este born 18 August
Alexander Monro (primus) born 19 September
William Smith (judge, born 1697) born 8 October
Georg Desmarées born 29 October
Louise Hippolyte, Princess of Monaco born 10 November
Johann Baring born 15 November
Maria Karolina Sobieska born 25 November

1698

Pietro Metastasio born 3 January
Giovanni Battista de' Rossi born 22 February
Lady Jane Douglas born 17 March
Prokop Diviš born 26 March
Steven Hoogendijk born 1 April
Henry Baker (naturalist) born 8 May
Weliwita Sri Saranankara Thero born 19 June
Jean-Michel Chevotet born 11 July
Giacomo Ceruti born 13 October
Ange-Jacques Gabriel born 23 October
Paul Troger born 30 October

1699

Infanta Francisca Josefa of Portugal born 30 January
John Bartram born 23 March
Hubert-François Gravelot born 26 March
Joseph Spence (author) born 28 April
Anna Leszczyńska (1699–1717) born 25 May
Alamgir II born 6 June
Henrietta Knight, Lady Luxborough born 15 July
Mastani born 29 August
Jeanne Quinault born 13 October
Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin born 2 November
Christian VI of Denmark born 30 November

Deaths

1690

Johannes Gezelius the elder died 20 January
Joshua Janavel died 5 March
Jan van Mieris died 17 March
Patriarch Joachim of Moscow died 17 March
Raymond Poisson died 9 May
John Eliot (missionary) died 21 May
François Tortebat died 4 June
Hosokawa Yukitaka died 9 July
Gottfried Welsch died 5 September
Elizabeth Percy, Countess of Northumberland died 19 September
John Maynard (1604–1690) died 9 October
Louis Charles d'Albert de Luynes died 10 October
Juan de Valdés Leal died 15 October
Margaret Mary Alacoque died 17 October
Jean-Baptiste Christyn died 25 October

1691

George Fox died 13 January
Richard Lower (physician) died 17 January
Pope Alexander VIII died 1 February
Brother Lawrence died 12 February
Luo Wenzao died 27 February
Thomas Lamplugh died 5 May
Cornelis Tromp died 29 May
Suleiman II of the Ottoman Empire died 22 June
Mary Sackville died 6 August
Kumazawa Banzan died 9 September
Catharina Hooft died 30 September
Isaac de Benserade died 10 October
Israel Silvestre died 11 October
Pieter Cornelisz van Slingelandt died 7 November
Robert Boyle

1692

Fernando de Valenzuela, 1st Marquis of Villasierra died 7 January
Wang Fuzhi died 18 February
Antimo Liberati died 24 February
Countess Palatine Eleonora Catherine of Zweibrücken died 3 March
Princess Luisa Cristina of Savoy died 12 May
Elias Ashmole died 18 May
Marie de Bourbon, Countess of Soissons died 3 June
Bridget Bishop died 10 June
Rebecca Nurse died 19 July
Gilles Ménage died 23 July
George Burroughs died 19 August
Martha Carrier (Salem witch trials) died 19 August
Giles Corey died 19 September
Martha Corey died 22 September
Charles Fleetwood died 4 October
Thomas Shadwell died 19 November
John Russell (clergyman) died 10 December

1693

Mehmed IV died 6 January
Marguerite de la Sablière died 6 January
Federico Visconti died 7 January
John de Britto died 4 February
Constantin Cantemir died 24 March
Adriaantje Hollaer died 31 March
Roger de Rabutin, comte de Bussy died 9 April
Rutger von Ascheberg died 17 April
Madame de La Fayette died 25 May
Willem Kalf died 31 July
Flavio Chigi died 13 September
Bankei Yōtaku died 30 September
Theodor von Strattman died 25 October
Kyprian Zochovskyj died 26 October
Job Adriaenszoon Berckheyde died 23 November
Willem van de Velde the Elder died 13 December

1694

Francesco Morosini died 16 January
William Dolben (judge) died 25 January
Natalya Naryshkina died 4 February
Nicolás de Villacis died 8 April
Claire-Clémence de Maillé-Brézé died 16 April
Philip Howard (cardinal) died 17 June
Hishikawa Moronobu died 25 July
Suleiman I of Persia died 29 July
Antoine Arnauld died 8 August
Bernard of Offida died 22 August
Princess Sophie Auguste of Anhalt-Zerbst died 14 September
Matsuo Bashō died 28 November
Marcello Malpighi died 29 November
Pierre Puget died 2 December
Mary II of England died 28 December

1695

Ahmed II died 6 February
William Phips died 18 February
Ludwika Karolina Radziwiłł died 25 March
Lambert van Haven died 9 May
Prince Christian of Denmark (1675–1695) died 27 June
Christiaan Huygens died 8 July
François de Harlay de Champvallon died 6 August
Huang Zongxi died 12 August
Christopher Merret died 19 August
Enkū died 24 August
Johann Wilhelm Baier died 19 October
Zumbi died 20 November
Henry Purcell died 21 November

1696

Ivan V of Russia died 8 February
Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, marquise de Sévigné died 17 April
Queen Anu died 12 June
John III Sobieski died 17 June
Inaba Masanori died 4 July
Raugravine Caroline Elisabeth died 7 July
Dionysius III of Constantinople died 14 October
Gregório de Matos died 26 November
Empress Meishō died 4 December

1697

Francesco Redi died 1 March
William Child died 23 March
Niels Juel died 8 April
Louise Boyer died 22 May
John Aubrey died 7 June
John Hay, 1st Marquess of Tweeddale died 11 August
Eleonore of Austria, Queen of Poland died 17 December
Frederick Charles, Duke of Württemberg-Winnental died 20 December

1698

Moyse Charas died 17 January
Mechtilde of the Blessed Sacrament died 6 April
Jacob ben Aaron Sasportas died 15 April
Elizabeth Maitland, Duchess of Lauderdale died 5 June
Jai Singh of Mewar died 23 September
Louis de Buade de Frontenac died 28 November

1699

Mattia Preti died 3 January
Kinoshita Jun'an died 23 January
Erhard Weigel died 20 March
Hans Rosing died 13 April
Jean Racine died 21 April
Mary Beale died 8 October
Kosa Pan died 15 November
Patrick Gordon died 29 November
  1. ^ John Henry Edmonds, Captain Thomas Pound, (Cambridge: Wilson & Son University Press, 1918) pp. 38-39.
  2. ^ Robert K. Headland, A Chronology of Antarctic Exploration (Quaritch, 2009)
  3. ^ Fred Espenak. "EclipseWise - Annular Solar Eclipse of 1690 Mar 10". eclipsewise.com. Retrieved October 5, 2022.
  4. ^ Thinking about Yugoslavia: Scholarly debates about the Yugoslav breakup and the wars in Bosnia and Kosovo (Cambridge University Press, 2005) p. 206
  5. ^ "Significant Earthquake Information: 1690 April 16, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
  6. ^ Veloso, Alberto V. (2014). "On the footprints of a major Brazilian Amazon earthquake". Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências. 86 (3): 1115–1129. doi:10.1590/0001-3765201420130340. ISSN 1678-2690.
  7. ^ a b Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 285. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
  8. ^ "BBC Blogs - Wales - Earthquakes in Wales". bbc.co.uk. June 21, 2012. Retrieved October 5, 2022.
  9. ^ Daydream Designs (May 31, 2015). "Earthquake in Wales". Oakeley Arms. Retrieved October 5, 2022.
  10. ^ "Catholic.net - Saint Lawrence Giustiniani". catholic.net. Retrieved October 5, 2022.
  11. ^ "Catholic.net - St. John of Sahagun". catholic.net. Retrieved October 5, 2022.
  12. ^ "9th November 1690 Highway Robbery – South Mimms Parish Council". southmimms-pc.org.uk. November 9, 2019. Retrieved October 5, 2022.
  13. ^ "RHISE VOL. 2 - Eisinger and Gutdeutsch, The Villach Earthquake of December 4th, 1690 in the German Sources". emidius.mi.ingv.it. Retrieved October 5, 2022.
  14. ^ "Judicial Torture, the Liberties of the Subject and Anglo-Scottish Relations, 1660-1960, by Clare Jackson, in Anglo-Scottish Relations from 1603 to 1900, ed. by T. C. Smout (Oxford University Press and British Academy, 2005) pp.96-97
  15. ^ Francis Baily, An Account of the Rev'd John Flamsteed, to Which is Added his British Catalogue of Stars (Lords Commission of the Admiralty, 1835) p. 393
  16. ^ a b Andrew McFarland Davis, Currency and Banking in the Province of the Massachusetts-Bay, Volume 1, Issue 4 (American Economic Association, 1900) p.10, p.370
  17. ^ Newman, Eric P. (1990). The Early Paper Money of America (3rd ed.). Iola, Wisconsin: Krause Publications. p. 11. ISBN 0-87341-120-X.
  18. ^ "Significant Earthquake Information: 1690 April 16, NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information
  19. ^ Yves Barde (2006). Vauban: ingénieur et homme de guerre (in French). Éd. de l'Armançon. p. 91. ISBN 978-2-84479-085-9.
  20. ^ Frederic Hervey, The Naval History of Great Britain: From the Earliest Times to the Rising of the Parliament in 1779 (William Adlard Publishing, 1779) p. 420
  21. ^ "King William's War (1688–1697)", in Wars of the Americas: A Chronology of Armed Conflict in the New World, 1492 to the Present by David E. Marley (ABC-CLIO, 1998) p. 206
  22. ^ "Jeu", in A Military Dictionary, or explanation of the several systems of discipline of different kinds of troops, by William Duane (William Duane, 1810) p. 288
  23. ^ Andrew McFarland Davis, Currency and Banking in the Province of the Massachusetts-Bay, Volume 1, Issue 4 (American Economic Association, 1900) p.370
  24. ^ "Annular Eclipse of the Sun: 1691 February 28". astro.ukho.gov.uk. Retrieved October 3, 2022.
  25. ^ "História" [History] (in Portuguese). Corpo de Polícia de Segurança Pública. Archived from the original on July 2, 2011. Retrieved June 28, 2010.
  26. ^ "Historical Events for Year 1691 | OnThisDay.com". Historyorb.com. 1691. Retrieved July 8, 2016.
  27. ^ "Fires, Great", in The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance, Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876) p46
  28. ^ Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 285. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
  29. ^ "Total Eclipse of the Sun: 1691 August 23". astro.ukho.gov.uk. Retrieved October 3, 2022.
  30. ^ "The Massacre of Glencoe". www.educationscotland.gov.uk. Archived from the original on May 28, 2013. Retrieved April 29, 2013.
  31. ^ "Harwich – Historic England Research Records". Heritage Gateway. Retrieved May 15, 2021.
  32. ^ "Special Forms of Prayer in the Church of England", Part III, The Newberry House Magazine (February 1893) p. 137
  33. ^ "Turkish Rule in Crete", by Theocharis Detorakis, in Crete, History and Civilization (1988) p. 343
  34. ^ Lynch, Michael, ed. (February 24, 2011). The Oxford companion to Scottish history. Oxford University Press. p. 272. ISBN 9780199693054.
  35. ^ Fred Espenak. "EclipseWise - Annular Solar Eclipse of 1692 Feb 17". eclipsewise.com. Retrieved October 1, 2022.
  36. ^ a b Jenkins, E. H. (1973). A History of the French Navy. ISBN 0-3560-4196-4.
  37. ^ J. E. Kaufmann and H. W. Kaufmann, The Forts and Fortifications of Europe 1815–1945: The Neutral States (Pen & Sword Military, 2014) p. 2
  38. ^ Michael Lynn, Popular Science and Public Opinion in Eighteenth-century France (Manchester University Press, 2018) pp. 97-98
  39. ^ Fred Espenak. "EclipseWise - Total Solar Eclipse of 1692 Aug 12". eclipsewise.com. Retrieved October 1, 2022.
  40. ^ Stratton, J. M. (1969). Agricultural Records. John Baker. ISBN 0-212-97022-4.
  41. ^ Rodríguez de la Torre, F. (1995). "Spanish sources concerning the 1693 earthquake in Sicily" (PDF). Annali di Geofisica. 38 (5–6): 526. doi:10.4401/ag-4054., Juan Francisco Pacheco y Téllez-Girón, 4th Consort Duke of Uceda the Spanish Viceroy of Sicily at the time reports ((...) and about sixty thousand people died under the ruins of the earthquake)(August 4, 1695)
  42. ^ "Total Eclipse of the Moon: 1693 January 22". astro.ukho.gov.uk. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  43. ^ "Historical Events in February 1693". On This Day. February 1693. Retrieved September 30, 2022.
  44. ^ "Tituba: The Slave of Salem", by Rebecca Beatrice Books, History of Massachusetts blog
  45. ^ "Total Eclipse of the Moon: 1693 July 17". astro.ukho.gov.uk. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  46. ^ Hochman, Stanley. McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of World Drama. Vol. 4. p. 542.
  47. ^ a b c Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 198–200. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
  48. ^ "Late Season Tropical Storms that have affected the U.S. north of Hatteras – Weather Extremes". wunderground.com. Retrieved September 29, 2022.
  49. ^ Alejandra Dubcovsky, Informed Power: Communication in the Early American South (Harvard University Press, 2016)
  50. ^ Ned Sublette and Constance Sublette, American Slave Coast: A History of the Slave-Breeding Industry (Chicago Review Press, 2015)
  51. ^ Ramón A. Gutiérrez, When Jesus Came, the Corn Mothers Went Away: Marriage, Sexuality, and Power in New Mexico, 1500–1846 (Stanford University Press, 1991) p. 145
  52. ^ Kraybill, Donald B. (2001). Anabaptist World USA. Herald Press. pp. 7–8. ISBN 0-8361-9163-3.
  53. ^ Pepe, Tracy (2000). So, What's All the Sniff About?. So Whats all the Sniff about. p. 46. ISBN 9780968707609. Retrieved July 11, 2015.
  54. ^ Cunningham, Hugh. "Re-inventing childhood". open2.net. Open University. Retrieved June 16, 2010.
  55. ^ Nicolas Bacaër (February 2011). "Halley's life table (1693)". A Short History of Mathematical Population Dynamics. London: Springer. ISBN 978-0-85729-115-8.
  56. ^ "Vesuvio: Activity from 1632 until 1794". geo.mtu.edu. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
  57. ^ Fred Espenak. "EclipseWise - Annular Solar Eclipse of 1694 Jun 22". eclipsewise.com. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
  58. ^ Henri-Delmas de Grammont, Histoire d'Alger sous la domination turque (1515-1830), Paris, Ernest Leroux, 1887, 458 p. (lire en ligne [archive]), p. 265
  59. ^ Guillaume Massieu, Oeuvres de Mr de Tourreil (Brunet, 1721) Vol. I, pp. ix–x.
  60. ^ Ferdinand Brunot, Histoire de la langue française, des origines à 1900, vol. IV (A. Colin, 1939)
  61. ^ "Fires, Great", in The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance, Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876) p. 46
  62. ^ "Historical Events in 1694". On This Day. November 21, 1694. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
  63. ^ "How a storm-stricken Scottish village was swallowed by sand", by Paul Brown, The Guardian (London), October 19, 2020
  64. ^ "Greenwich Hospital". Retrieved 2012-03-07.
  65. ^ Alphonse Rousseau, Annales tunisiennes ou aperçu historique sur la régence de Tunis (Bastide, 1864)
  66. ^ Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
  67. ^ Fred Espenak. "EclipseWise - Total Solar Eclipse of 1694 Dec 16". eclipsewise.com. Retrieved 2022-09-28.
  68. ^ Rif Winfield and Stephen S. Roberts, French Warships in the Age of Sail, 1626–1786 Design, Construction, Careers and Fates (Pen & Sword, 2017) p. 1694
  69. ^ William G. Gates, Ships of the British Navy: A Record of Heroism, Victory and Disaster (W. H. Long, 1905) p. 120
  70. ^ "Appendix G: Refusal of the House of Commons to Renew the Licensing Act (1695)", Dictionary of Literary and Dramatic Ccensorship in Tudor and Stuart England, by Dorothy Auchter (Greenwood Press, 2001) p. 389
  71. ^ Alvin B. Kernan, "Samuel Johnson and the Impact of Print" (Princeton University Press, 2021) p. 59
  72. ^ a b "Azov campaigns of 1695–1696", The Black Sea Encyclopedia (Springer Berlin, 2014) p. 71
  73. ^ Yueren Xu; Honglin He; Qidong Deng; Mark B. Allen; Haoyue Sun; Lisi Bi (2018). "The CE 1303 Hongdong earthquake and the Huoshan Piedmont Fault, Shanxi Graben: Implications for magnitude limits of normal fault earthquakes" (PDF). Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 123 (4): 3098–3121. Bibcode:2018JGRB..123.3098X. doi:10.1002/2017JB014928. S2CID 135046043.
  74. ^ "Annular Eclipse of the Sun: 1695 June 11". astro.ukho.gov.uk. Retrieved September 27, 2022.
  75. ^ a b c Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. p. 287. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
  76. ^ "Peter I", by Robert Nisbet Bain, in The Encyclopaedia Britannica, Eleventh Edition, Volumbe XXI (Cambridge University Press, 1911) p. 289
  77. ^ "256 (Svenska folket genom tiderna / 5. Den karolinska tiden)". runeberg.org (in Swedish). Retrieved 2024-08-31.
  78. ^ Love Dean, Lighthouses of the Florida Keys (Pineapple Press, 1998) p. 131
  79. ^ J. J. Colledge and Ben Warlow, Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy from the 15th Century to the Present (Seaforth, 2021) p. 482
  80. ^ "Total Eclipse of the Sun: 1695 December 06". astro.ukho.gov.uk. Retrieved September 27, 2022.
  81. ^ Eeghen, I. H. van (1961). "Buitenlandse manopolies van de Amstersamse kooplieden in de tweedee helft van de zeventiende eeuw". Jaarboek Amstelodamum. 53: 176–184.
  82. ^ D'Arrigo, Rosanne; Klinger, Patrick; Newfield, Timothy; Rydval, Miloš; Wilson, Rob (January 1, 2020). "Complexity in crisis: The volcanic cold pulse of the 1690s and the consequences of Scotland's failure to cope". Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research. 389. Bibcode:2020JVGR..38906746D. doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.106746. ISSN 0377-0273.
  83. ^ Wolke, Lars Ericson (2015-01-22). Lasse i Gatan: Kaparkriget och det svenska stormaktsväldets fall (in Swedish). Svenska Historiska Media Förlag AB. ISBN 978-91-87031-94-6.
  84. ^ James E. Thorold Rogers, The First Nine Years of the Bank of England (Clarendon Press, 1887 p. 41
  85. ^ "The Sentimental Movement", by Dudley Miles, The Mid-West Quarterly (July 1917) p. 355
  86. ^ a b Moody, T. W.; et al., eds. (1989). A New History of Ireland. 8: A Chronology of Irish History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821744-2.
  87. ^ Manuel Espinosa, José (1988). The Pueblo Indian Revolt of 1696 and the Franciscan Missions in New Mexico: Letters of the Missionaries and Related Documents. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 181. ISBN 978-0-8061-2365-3. p. 163
  88. ^ Childs, John (1991). The Nine Years' War and the British Army. Manchester University Press. ISBN 0-71903461-2.
  89. ^ E. A. Wallis Budge, A History of Ethiopia: Volume II, Nubia and Abyssinia (Methuen, 1928, reprinted by Routledge, 2014) p. 416
  90. ^ "Partial Eclipse of the Sun: 1696 May 01". astro.ukho.gov.uk. 1996. Retrieved September 27, 2022.
  91. ^ "Total Eclipse of the Moon: 1696 May 16-17". astro.ukho.gov.uk. 1996. Retrieved September 27, 2022.
  92. ^ Nicholas A. Robins, Native Insurgencies and the Genocidal Impulse in the Americas (Indiana University Press, 2005) p. 35
  93. ^ Georges Dugas, The Canadian West: Its Discovery by the Sieur de La Vérendrye (. Its Development by the Fur-trading Companies, Down to the Year 1822" (Librairie Beauchemin Ltd., 1905) p. 30
  94. ^ "Total Eclipse of the Moon: 1696 November 09". astro.ukho.gov.uk. 1996. Retrieved September 27, 2022.
  95. ^ Wignall, Katie (May 26, 2022). Look Up London: Discover the details you have never noticed before in 10 walks. Quercus. p. 222. ISBN 978-1-5294-1943-6.
  96. ^ "Romania: 311 years of history for the Aviva group – Aviva plc". aviva.com. November 12, 2007. Retrieved September 27, 2022.
  97. ^ "House of Commons Votes, 1689–1702", in Parliament, policy, and politics in the reign of William III, by Henry Horwitz (Manchester University Press, 1977) p. 338
  98. ^ Tucker, Spencer (2013). Almanac of American Military History. ABC-CLIO. p. 106. ISBN 978-1-59884-530-3.
  99. ^ "Bills of Attainder", in Precedents of Proceedings in the House of Commons: Relating to conference and impeachment, by John Hatsell (L. Hansard and Sons) 1818 p. 324
  100. ^ "Bank of Scotland | Our heritage | Help centre". bankofscotland.co.uk. Retrieved September 27, 2022.
  101. ^ Rystad, Göran (2001). Karl XI: en biografi (in Swedish). Lund: Historiska media. pp. 368–369. ISBN 978-91-89442-27-6.
  102. ^ "Karl XI". Nordisk familjebok (in Swedish). Vol. 13 (2nd ed.). 1910. p. 962.
  103. ^ Gaston Cahen, History of the Relations of Russia and China Under Peter the Great, 1689-1730, translated by W. Sheldon Ridge (The National Review, 1914) pp. 61-62; another source, The Tea Road: China and Russia Meet Across the Steppe by Martha Avery (China Intercontinental Press, 2003) p. 107, gives the date as May 3.
  104. ^ "La Percée de l'Europe sur les océans vers 1690-vers 1790", in Revue d'histoire maritime (October 1997)
  105. ^ Malmborg, Boo von; Palmstierna, Carl-Fredrik (1971). Slott och herresäten i Sverige, ett konst- och kulturhistoriskt samlingsverk [Castles and manors in Sweden] (in Swedish). Vol. 1, Kungliga slottet i Stockholm. Malmö: Allhem. p. 39.
  106. ^ "Kjærvikmordet" (in Norwegian). University of Tromsø. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 23 August 2014.
  107. ^ Warren Smith, Tibetan Nation: A History Of Tibetan Nationalism And Sino-Tibetan Relations (Taylor & Francis, 2019)
  108. ^ "The History Of Chocolate: A Chocolate Timeline". The Nibble. Retrieved 2020-12-29.
  109. ^ "Fires, Great", in The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance, Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876) p48
  110. ^ "Gingee I 1689—1698 Mughal—Maratha Wars", in Dictionary of Battles and Sieges, ed. by Tony Jacques (Greenwood Press, 2007) p. 395
  111. ^ "Total Solar Eclipse of 1698 Apr 10". EclipseWise.com. Retrieved 2022-09-19.
  112. ^ Beauval, Céline; Yepes, Hugo; Bakun, William H.; Egred, José; Alvarado, Alexandra; Singaucho, Juan-Carlos (June 2010). "Locations and magnitudes of historical earthquakes in the Sierra of Ecuador (1587–1996)". Geophysical Journal International. 181 (3): 1613–1633. Bibcode:2010GeoJI.181.1613B. doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2010.04569.x. S2CID 4617325.
  113. ^ C. T. Atkinson, Marlborough and the Rise of the British Army (G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1921) p. 150
  114. ^ V. I. Buganov, Moscow uprisings of the late 17th century (Nauka, 1969) p.399
  115. ^ a b Members of Parliament Return to Two Orders of the Honourable the House of Commons. Parliaments of England, 1213-1702 (House of Commons, 1878) pp. 589-595
  116. ^ Carlyle, E. I. (2004). "Savery, Thomas (1650?–1715)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/24733. Retrieved 2011-11-05. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  117. ^ "Charters Granted to the Second East India Company", in A Collection of Charters and Statutes Relating to the East India Company (Eyre and Strahan, 1817) p. vii
  118. ^ Cates, William L. R. (1863). The Pocket Date Book. Chapman and Hall.
  119. ^ O’Neill, C. E. (1974). "Le Moyne de Bienville, Jean-Baptiste". In Halpenny, Francess G (ed.). Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Vol. III (1741–1770) (online ed.). University of Toronto Press.
  120. ^ Arthur M. Harris, "Pirate Tales from the Law" (Little, Brown and Company, 1923) pp. 47-48
  121. ^ R. A. Brock, Virginia and Virginians: Eminent Virginians (Clearfield Press, 1888) p.10
  122. ^ Palmer, Alan; Palmer, Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. pp. 200–201. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
  123. ^ Moody, T. W.; et al., eds. (1989). A New History of Ireland. 8: A Chronology of Irish History. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-821744-2.
  124. ^ Deutsch, Gotthard (1906). "Lübeck". Jewish Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2019-01-26.
  125. ^ The Nineteenth Century (Henry S. King & Company, 1883) p. 146
  126. ^ John, Rule (2017). Onnekink, David; Mijers, Esther (eds.). The Partition Treaties, 1698-1700; A European View in Redefining William III: The Impact of the King-Stadholder in International Context. Routledge. ISBN 978-1138257962.
  127. ^ "The Quest for the Armenian Vessel, Quedagh Merchant" (PDF). AYAS Nautical Research Club. Retrieved 13 December 2007.
  128. ^ Bach, J. (1966). "Dampier, William (1651–1715)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. Retrieved 2012-03-15.
  129. ^ Philip Dawson, Provincial Magistrates and Revolutionary Politics in France, 1789-1795 (Harvard University Press, 1972) p. 51
  130. ^ Lindsey Hughes, Peter the Great: A Biography (Yale University Press, 2002)
  131. ^ "Russia in the Age of Peter the Great". archive.nytimes.com. Archived from the original on 5 September 2022. Retrieved 5 September 2022.
  132. ^ "Adrienne Lecouvreur | French actor | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved June 13, 2022.
  133. ^ "Joseph Butler | British bishop and philosopher | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved February 4, 2022.
  134. ^ "History of Thomas Pelham-Holles 1st Duke of Newcastle - GOV.UK". www.gov.uk. Retrieved 19 June 2023.
  135. ^ "Voltaire | Biography, Works, Philosophy, Ideas, Beliefs, & Facts | Britannica". britannica.com. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
  136. ^ Byrd, William (October 1916). "Letters of William Byrd, First (Continued)". The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography. 24 (4). Richmond, Virginia: Virginia Historical Society: 350–360. JSTOR 4243546.
  137. ^ Evans, Emory G. (2009). A "Topping People": The Rise and Decline of Virginia's Old Political Elite, 1680–1790. Charlottesville, Virginia: University of Virginia Press. ISBN 978-0-8139-3037-4. OCLC 263497804. Archived from the original on 2016-04-21 – via Google Books.
  138. ^ Schiavone, Michael J. (2009). Dictionary of Maltese Biographies Vol. II G-Z. Pietà: Pubblikazzjonijiet Indipendenza. p. 1711. ISBN 9789993291329.
  139. ^ Derosas, Renzo (1983). "CORNER, Girolamo". Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani, Volume 29: Cordier–Corvo (in Italian). Rome: Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana. ISBN 978-8-81200032-6.
  140. ^ "Robert Boyle | Biography, Contributions, Works, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved December 4, 2020.
  141. ^ John W. Jordan; LL. D. (1911). Colonial families of Philadelphia. Рипол Классик. p. 1265. ISBN 978-5-88023-355-7.
  142. ^ "Mary II | Biography & Accomplishments". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 13 January 2021.
  143. ^ Holthöfer, Ernst (2001). "Domat, Jean". In Michael Stolleis (ed.). Juristen: ein biographisches Lexikon; von der Antike bis zum 20. Jahrhundert (in German) (2nd ed.). München: Beck. p. 180. ISBN 3-406-45957-9.
  144. ^ Jean de La Bruyère (1970). Characters. Penguin Books. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-14-044221-2.
  145. ^ Lund, Emil Ferdinand Svitzer (1897). "Leonora Christina, Grevinde Ulfeld". Danske malede portraetter: en beskrivende katalog (in Danish). Vol. 2. Copenhagen: Gyldendal. pp. 193–203.