| 1978 South Lebanon conflict (First Israeli invasion of Lebanon) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of the Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon and the Israeli–Lebanese conflict | |||||||||
 Israeli soldiers during the invasion | |||||||||
| |||||||||
| Belligerents | |||||||||
 Israel SLA |
 PLO | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
|
Yasser Arafat | |||||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||||
|
18 killed 113 wounded[1] | 300–550 killed[1][2][3] | ||||||||
|
1,100[2][3] to 2,000[4][5] killed in total (both combatants and civilians) 100,000 to 250,000 internally displaced[4][5] | |||||||||
The 1978 South Lebanon conflict, also known as the First Israeli invasion of Lebanon[6][7] and codenamed Operation Litani by Israel, began when Israel invaded southern Lebanon up to the Litani River in March 1978. It was in response to the Coastal Road massacre near Tel Aviv by Palestinian militants based in Lebanon. The conflict resulted in the deaths of 1,100–2,000 Lebanese and Palestinians, 20 Israelis, and the internal displacement of 100,000 to 250,000 people in Lebanon. The Israel Defense Forces gained a military victory against the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) as the latter was forced to withdraw from southern Lebanon, preventing it from launching attacks on Israel from across its land border with Lebanon. In response to the outbreak of hostilities, the United Nations Security Council adopted Resolution 425 and Resolution 426 on 19 March 1978, which called on Israel to immediately withdraw its troops from Lebanon and established the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL).
Israel launched a second invasion of Lebanon in 1982.
- ^ a b Kober, Avi: Israel's Wars of Attrition: Attrition Challenges to Democratic States, p. 64
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
Norton1993was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
bt2000was invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
Tuckerwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
Chomskwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ Fouskas, Fouskas (2010). Politics of Conflict: A Survey. Routledge. p. 124.
- ^ MacQueen, Benjamin (2013). An Introduction to Middle East Politics: Continuity, Change, Conflict and Co-operation. Sage Publishing. p. 73.