1990 Polish presidential election

1990 Polish presidential election

← 1989 25 November 1990 (first round) 9 December 1990 (second round) 1995 →
Turnout	60.63% (first round) 53.40% (second round)
Nominee Lech Wałęsa Stanisław Tymiński Party KO "S" (PC) Independent Popular vote 10,622,696 3,683,098 Percentage 74.25% 25.75%
First round results by voivodeship Second round results by voivodeship
President before election Wojciech Jaruzelski PZPR Elected President Lech Wałęsa KO "S"

Presidential elections were held in Poland on 25 November 1990, with a second round on 9 December.^[1] They were the first direct presidential elections in the history of Poland, and the first free presidential elections since the May Coup of 1926. Before World War II, presidents were elected by the Sejm. From 1952 to 1989—the bulk of the Communist era—the presidency did not exist as a separate institution, and most of its functions were fulfilled by the State Council of Poland, whose chairman was considered the equivalent of a president.

There were six candidates who successfully managed to register - Solidarity chairman Lech Wałęsa, Canadian entrepreneur Stanisław Tymiński, Prime Minister Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Members of the Sejm Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz and Roman Bartoszcze, and anti-communist oppositionist Leszek Moczulski. Despite for a long time coming first in opinion polls, Tadeusz Mazowiecki's campaign failed to convince voters to his side, and he did not enter the runoff, coming third in the first round. Stanisław Tymiński came second in a large upset unforeseen by every political force in the country, and, being seen by other candidates as a liar and opportunist, managed to unite both the postcommunist and Solidarity establishments against him. In the second round, Wałęsa won almost 75% of voters, being the largest landslide electoral victory in Polish political history.^[2][3]