2,2,4-Trimethylpentane

For other isomers of octane, see Octane § Isomers.
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
Skeletal formula of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane
Ball and stick model of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane
Spacefill model of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane[1]
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
1696876
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.007.964 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 208-759-1
MeSH 2,2,4-trimethylpentane
RTECS number
  • SA3320000
UNII
UN number 1262
  • InChI=1S/C8H18/c1-7(2)6-8(3,4)5/h7H,6H2,1-5H3 checkY
    Key: NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • CC(C)CC(C)(C)C
Properties
C8H18
Molar mass 114.232 g·mol−1
Appearance Colorless liquid
Odor petroleum-like
Density 0.692 g cm−3
Melting point −107.38 °C; −161.28 °F; 165.77 K
Boiling point 99.30 °C; 210.74 °F; 372.45 K
log P 4.373
Vapor pressure 5.5 kPa (at 21 °C)
3.0 nmol Pa−1 kg−1
UV-vis (λmax) 210 nm
-98.34·10−6 cm3/mol
1.391
Thermochemistry
242.49 J K−1 mol−1
328.03 J K−1 mol−1
−260.6 to −258.0 kJ mol−1
−5462.6 to −5460.0 kJ mol−1
Hazards
GHS labelling:
GHS02: Flammable GHS07: Exclamation mark GHS08: Health hazard GHS09: Environmental hazard
Danger
H225, H304, H315, H336, H410
P210, P261, P273, P301+P310, P331
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 1: Exposure would cause irritation but only minor residual injury. E.g. turpentineFlammability 3: Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Flash point between 23 and 38 °C (73 and 100 °F). E.g. gasolineInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazards (white): no code
1
3
0
Flash point −12 °C (10 °F; 261 K)
396 °C (745 °F; 669 K)
Explosive limits 1.1–6.0%
Related compounds
Related alkanes
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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2,2,4-Trimethylpentane, also known as isooctane or iso-octane, is an organic compound with the formula (CH3)3CCH2CH(CH3)2. It is one of several isomers of octane (C8H18). This particular isomer is the standard 100 point on the octane rating scale (the zero point is n-heptane). It is an important component of gasoline, frequently used in relatively large proportions (around 10%) to increase the knock resistance of fuel.[2][3]

Strictly speaking, if the standard meaning of ‘iso’ is followed, the name isooctane should be reserved for the isomer 2-methylheptane. However, 2,2,4-trimethylpentane is by far the most important isomer of octane and historically it has been assigned this name.[4]

  1. ^ "2,2,4-trimethylpentane - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 26 March 2005. Identification and Related Records. Retrieved 11 March 2012.
  2. ^ Werner Dabelstein; Arno Reglitzky; Andrea Schütze; Klaus Reders (2007). "Automotive Fuels". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a16_719.pub2. ISBN 978-3527306732.
  3. ^ Richardson, KA; Wilmer, JL; Smith-Simpson, D; Skopek, TR (February 1986). "Assessment of the genotoxic potential of unleaded gasoline and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane in human lymphoblasts in vitro". Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 82 (2): 316–22. doi:10.1016/0041-008x(86)90207-3. PMID 3945956.
  4. ^ Clayden, Jonathan (2005). Organic chemistry (Reprinted (with corrections). ed.). Oxford [u.a.]: Oxford Univ. Press. pp. 315. ISBN 978-0-19-850346-0.