2-Methoxyestradiol

Not to be confused with 2-Methoxyestriol.
2-Methoxyestradiol
Clinical data
Trade namesPanzem
Other names2-ME2; 2-MeO-E2; 2-MeOE2; 2-Hydroxyestradiol 2-methyl ether; 2-Methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,17β-diol
Identifiers
  • (8R,9S,13S,14S,17S)-2-Methoxy-13-methyl-6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-decahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthrene-3,17-diol
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.164.606 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC19H26O3
Molar mass302.414 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • Oc1cc3c(cc1OC)[C@H]2CC[C@@]4([C@@H](O)CC[C@H]4[C@@H]2CC3)C
  • InChI=1S/C19H26O3/c1-19-8-7-12-13(15(19)5-6-18(19)21)4-3-11-9-16(20)17(22-2)10-14(11)12/h9-10,12-13,15,18,20-21H,3-8H2,1-2H3/t12-,13+,15-,18-,19-/m0/s1 checkY
  • Key:CQOQDQWUFQDJMK-SSTWWWIQSA-N checkY
 ☒NcheckY (what is this?)  (verify)

2-Methoxyestradiol (2-ME2, 2-MeO-E2) is a natural metabolite of estradiol and 2-hydroxyestradiol (2-OHE2). It is specifically the 2-methyl ether of 2-hydroxyestradiol. 2-Methoxyestradiol prevents the formation of new blood vessels that tumors need in order to grow (angiogenesis), hence it is an angiogenesis inhibitor.[1] It also acts as a vasodilator[2] and induces apoptosis in some cancer cell lines.[3] 2-Methoxyestradiol is derived from estradiol, although it interacts poorly with the estrogen receptors (2,000-fold lower activational potency relative to estradiol).[4] However, it retains activity as a high-affinity agonist of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) (10 nM, relative to 3–6 nM for estradiol).[5][6]

Selected biological properties of endogenous estrogens in rats
Estrogen ERTooltip Estrogen receptor RBATooltip relative binding affinity (%) Uterine weight (%) Uterotrophy LHTooltip Luteinizing hormone levels (%) SHBGTooltip Sex hormone-binding globulin RBATooltip relative binding affinity (%)
Control – 100 – 100 –
Estradiol (E2) 100 506 ± 20 +++ 12–19 100
Estrone (E1) 11 ± 8 490 ± 22 +++ ? 20
Estriol (E3) 10 ± 4 468 ± 30 +++ 8–18 3
Estetrol (E4) 0.5 ± 0.2 ? Inactive ? 1
17α-Estradiol 4.2 ± 0.8 ? ? ? ?
2-Hydroxyestradiol 24 ± 7 285 ± 8 +b 31–61 28
2-Methoxyestradiol 0.05 ± 0.04 101 Inactive ? 130
4-Hydroxyestradiol 45 ± 12 ? ? ? ?
4-Methoxyestradiol 1.3 ± 0.2 260 ++ ? 9
4-Fluoroestradiola 180 ± 43 ? +++ ? ?
2-Hydroxyestrone 1.9 ± 0.8 130 ± 9 Inactive 110–142 8
2-Methoxyestrone 0.01 ± 0.00 103 ± 7 Inactive 95–100 120
4-Hydroxyestrone 11 ± 4 351 ++ 21–50 35
4-Methoxyestrone 0.13 ± 0.04 338 ++ 65–92 12
16α-Hydroxyestrone 2.8 ± 1.0 552 ± 42 +++ 7–24 <0.5
2-Hydroxyestriol 0.9 ± 0.3 302 +b ? ?
2-Methoxyestriol 0.01 ± 0.00 ? Inactive ? 4
Notes: Values are mean ± SD or range. ER RBA = Relative binding affinity to estrogen receptors of rat uterine cytosol. Uterine weight = Percentage change in uterine wet weight of ovariectomized rats after 72 hours with continuous administration of 1 μg/hour via subcutaneously implanted osmotic pumps. LH levels = Luteinizing hormone levels relative to baseline of ovariectomized rats after 24 to 72 hours of continuous administration via subcutaneous implant. Footnotes: a = Synthetic (i.e., not endogenous). b = Atypical uterotrophic effect which plateaus within 48 hours (estradiol's uterotrophy continues linearly up to 72 hours). Sources: See template.
  1. ^ Pribluda VS, Gubish ER, Lavallee TM, Treston A, Swartz GM, Green SJ (2000). "2-Methoxyestradiol: an endogenous antiangiogenic and antiproliferative drug candidate". Cancer and Metastasis Reviews. 19 (1–2): 173–179. doi:10.1023/a:1026543018478. PMID 11191057. S2CID 20055299.
  2. ^ Koganti S, Snyder R, Thekkumkara T (April 2012). "Pharmacologic effects of 2-methoxyestradiol on angiotensin type 1 receptor down-regulation in rat liver epithelial and aortic smooth muscle cells". Gender Medicine. 9 (2): 76–93. doi:10.1016/j.genm.2012.01.008. PMC 3322289. PMID 22366193.
  3. ^ LaVallee TM, Zhan XH, Johnson MS, Herbstritt CJ, Swartz G, Williams MS, et al. (January 2003). "2-methoxyestradiol up-regulates death receptor 5 and induces apoptosis through activation of the extrinsic pathway". Cancer Research. 63 (2): 468–475. PMID 12543804.
  4. ^ Sibonga JD, Lotinun S, Evans GL, Pribluda VS, Green SJ, Turner RT (March 2003). "Dose-response effects of 2-methoxyestradiol on estrogen target tissues in the ovariectomized rat". Endocrinology. 144 (3): 785–792. doi:10.1210/en.2002-220632. PMID 12586754.
  5. ^ Prossnitz ER, Arterburn JB (July 2015). "International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. XCVII. G Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor and Its Pharmacologic Modulators". Pharmacological Reviews. 67 (3): 505–540. doi:10.1124/pr.114.009712. PMC 4485017. PMID 26023144.
  6. ^ Thekkumkara T, Snyder R, Karamyan VT (2016). "Competitive Binding Assay for the G-Protein-Coupled Receptor 30 (GPR30) or G-Protein-Coupled Estrogen Receptor (GPER)". Estrogen Receptors. Methods in Molecular Biology. Vol. 1366. Springer. pp. 11–7. doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-3127-9_2. ISBN 978-1-4939-3126-2. PMID 26585123.