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3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratases (HACDs) are a family of enzymes that play a crucial role in fatty acid elongation in eukaryotes. These enzymes catalyze the third step in the four-step cycle of fatty acid elongation, specifically the dehydration reaction that converts 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA to trans-2-enoyl-CoA. In humans, there are four known HACD enzymes (HACD1-4) encoded by separate genes. These enzymes are primarily involved in the biosynthesis of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs), which are essential components of various cellular structures and signaling molecules. HACDs are localized in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, where they work in concert with other enzymes of the fatty acid elongation complex to produce fatty acids with chain lengths greater than 16 carbon atom.[1]
- ^ Sawai M, Uchida Y, Ohno Y, Miyamoto M, Nishioka C, Itohara S, Sassa T, Kihara A (September 2017). "The 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratases HACD1 and HACD2 exhibit functional redundancy and are active in a wide range of fatty acid elongation pathways". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 292 (37): 15538–15551. doi:10.1074/jbc.M117.803171. PMC 5602410. PMID 28784662.