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 Yogi Bhajan at Khalsa Women's Training Camp, New Mexico | |
| Abbreviation | 3HO |
|---|---|
| Formation | 13 July 1969 Los Angeles, United States |
| Founder | Yogi Bhajan |
| Type | Religious organisation |
| Headquarters | Espanola, New Mexico |
| Origins | Kundalini Yoga |
Area served | Worldwide |
| Affiliations | Sikh Dharma International, Yogi Tea, Akal Security |
| Website | www |
| Part of a series on |
| Sikhism |
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3HO (Healthy, Happy, Holy Organization), also known as Sikh Dharma of the Western Hemisphere or Sikh Dharma International, is a controversial[failed verification] American organization founded in 1969 by Harbhajan Singh Khalsa, also called "Yogi Bhajan".[1][2][3][4][5] Its adherents are popularly referred to as the Sikh Dharma Brotherhood.[4] While referred to as the 3HO movement, "3HO" is strictly speaking the name only of the movement's educational branch.[2][5] Scholars have defined 3HO as a new religious movement.[6][7]
- ^ Eleanor Nesbitt (2016). Sikhism: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford University Press. pp. 101–102. ISBN 978-0-19-106277-3.
- ^ a b Sects in Sikhism, Encyclopedia Britannica
- ^ Pashaura Singh; Louis E. Fenech (2014). The Oxford Handbook of Sikh Studies. Oxford University Press. pp. 8, 358, 515–522. ISBN 978-0-19-100411-7.
- ^ a b Kristen Haar; Sewa Singh Kalsi (2009). Sikhism. Infobase Publishing. pp. 9–14. ISBN 978-1-4381-0647-2.
- ^ a b Opinderjit Kaur Takhar (2016). Sikh Identity: An Exploration of Groups Among Sikhs. Taylor & Francis. pp. 161–168. ISBN 978-1-351-90010-2.
- ^ Chryssides, George D. (2012). Historical Dictionary of New Religious Movements. Scarecrow Press. p. 161. ISBN 978-0810861947
- ^ Lewis, James R., ed. (2011). Violence and New Religious Movements. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 3–5. ISBN 978-0-19-973563-1.