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| Identifiers | |
|---|---|
| Symbol | APC |
| Pfam clan | CL0062 |
| ECOD | 5051.1.1 |
| TCDB | 2.A.3 |
| OPM superfamily | 64 |
The amino acid-polyamine-organocation (APC) superfamily is the second largest superfamily of secondary carrier proteins currently known,[1] and it contains several Solute carriers.[2][3] Originally, the APC superfamily consisted of subfamilies under the transporter classification number (TC # 2.A.3). This superfamily has since been expanded to include eighteen different families.
The most recent families added include the PAAP (Putative Amino Acid Permease), LIVCS (Branched Chain Amino Acid:Cation Symporter), NRAMP (Natural Resistance-Associated Macrophage Protein), CstA (Carbon starvation A protein), KUP (K+ Uptake Permease), BenE (Benzoate:H+ Virginia Symporter), and AE (Anion Exchanger). Bioinformatic and phylogenetic analysis is used to continually expand currently existing families and superfamilies.
Other constituents of the APC superfamily are the AAAP family (TC# 2.A.18), the HAAAP family (TC# 2.A.42) and the LCT family (TC# 2.A.43). Some of these proteins exhibit 11 TMSs. Eukaryotic members of this superfamily have been reviewed by Wipf et al. (2002) [4] and Fischer et al. (1998).[5][6]
- ^ Vastermark A, Wollwage S, Houle ME, Rio R, Saier MH (October 2014). "Expansion of the APC superfamily of secondary carriers". Proteins. 82 (10): 2797–811. doi:10.1002/prot.24643. PMC 4177346. PMID 25043943.
- ^ Höglund, Pär J.; Nordström, Karl J. V.; Schiöth, Helgi B.; Fredriksson, Robert (April 2011). "The solute carrier families have a remarkably long evolutionary history with the majority of the human families present before divergence of Bilaterian species". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 28 (4): 1531–1541. doi:10.1093/molbev/msq350. ISSN 1537-1719. PMC 3058773. PMID 21186191.
- ^ Perland, Emelie; Fredriksson, Robert (March 2017). "Classification Systems of Secondary Active Transporters". Trends in Pharmacological Sciences. 38 (3): 305–315. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2016.11.008. ISSN 1873-3735. PMID 27939446.
- ^ Wipf D, Ludewig U, Tegeder M, Rentsch D, Koch W, Frommer WB (March 2002). "Conservation of amino acid transporters in fungi, plants and animals". Trends in Biochemical Sciences. 27 (3): 139–47. doi:10.1016/s0968-0004(01)02054-0. PMID 11893511.
- ^ Fischer, WN; André, B; Rentsch, D; Krolkiewics, S; Tegeder, M; Breitkreuz, K; Frommer, WB (1998). "Amino acid transport in plants". Trends Plant Sci. 3 (188–195): 188–195. Bibcode:1998TPS.....3..188F. doi:10.1016/S1360-1385(98)01231-X.
- ^ Saier, MH Jr. "2.A.3 The Amino Acid-Polyamine-Organocation (APC) Superfamily". Transporter Classification Database. Saier Lab Bioinformatics Group.