APOBEC1

APOBEC1
Identifiers
Aliases	APOBEC1, APOBEC-1, BEDP, CDAR1, HEPR, apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 1
External IDs	OMIM: 600130; MGI: 103298; HomoloGene: 1243; GeneCards: APOBEC1; OMA:APOBEC1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 12 (human)
End	7,665,908 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 6 (mouse)
End	122,579,403 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	jejunal mucosa; ; duodenum; ; mucosa of ileum; ; testicle; ; mucosa of transverse colon; ; gastric mucosa; ; islet of Langerhans; ; rectum; ; gallbladder; ; muscle tissue;
	Top expressed in
	granulocyte; ; stroma of bone marrow; ; pyloric antrum; ; Ileal epithelium; ; left colon; ; spleen; ; jejunum; ; duodenum; ; blood; ; mucous cell of stomach;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	enzyme activator activity; hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in cyclic amidines; protein binding; mRNA binding; cytidine deaminase activity; RNA binding; catalytic activity; zinc ion binding; hydrolase activity; cytosine deaminase activity; metal ion binding; protein domain specific binding; ribonucleoprotein complex binding; mRNA 3'-UTR AU-rich region binding;
Cellular component	nucleus; nucleoplasm; cytoplasm;
Biological process	DNA cytosine deamination; cellular response to insulin stimulus; response to osmotic stress; mRNA processing; RNA processing; response to calcium ion; response to ethanol; regulation of cell population proliferation; response to zinc ion; defense response to virus; cytidine to uridine editing; response to gamma radiation; mRNA stabilization; DNA demethylation; lipoprotein metabolic process; lipoprotein transport; positive regulation of catalytic activity; lipoprotein biosynthetic process; lipid metabolism; negative regulation of DNA methylation-dependent heterochromatin assembly; positive regulation of mRNA modification; cytidine deamination; mRNA modification; triglyceride metabolic process; negative regulation of triglyceride metabolic process;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	339
	11810
	ENSG00000111701
	ENSMUSG00000040613
	P41238
	P51908
	NM_005889; NM_001304566; NM_001644
	NM_001134391; NM_031159
	NP_001291495; NP_001635; NP_005880
	NP_001127863; NP_112436
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide 1 also known as C->U-editing enzyme APOBEC-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOBEC1 gene.^[5]

This gene encodes a member of the APOBEC protein family and the cytidine deaminase enzyme family. The encoded protein forms a multiple-protein RNA editing holoenzyme with APOBEC1 complementation factor (A1CF). This holoenzyme is involved in the editing of cytosine-to-uracil (C-to-U) nucleotide bases in apolipoprotein B and neurofibromin 1 mRNAs.^[5]

APOBEC-1 (A1) has been linked with cholesterol control, cancer development and inhibition of viral replication.^[6] Its function relies on introducing a stop codon into apolipoprotein B (ApoB) mRNA, which alters lipid metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract. The editing mechanism is highly specific. A1’s deamination of the cytosine base yields uracil, which creates a stop codon in the mRNA.

A1 has been linked with both positive and negative health effects. In rodents, it has wide tissue distribution where as in humans, it is only expressed in the small intestine.^[7]

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000111701 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000040613 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ ^a ^b "Entrez Gene: APOBEC1 apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide 1".
^ Rosenberg BR, Hamilton CE, Mwangi MM, Dewell S, Papavasiliou FN (2011). "Transcriptome-wide sequencing reveals numerous APOBEC1 mRNA-editing targets in transcript 3' UTRs". Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 18 (2): 230–6. doi:10.1038/nsmb.1975. PMC 3075553. PMID 21258325.
^ Teng BB, Ochsner S, Zhang Q, Soman KV, Lau PP, Chan L (1999). "Mutational analysis of apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme (APOBEC1). structure-function relationships of RNA editing and dimerization". J. Lipid Res. 40 (4): 623–35. doi:10.1016/S0022-2275(20)32141-6. PMID 10191286.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000111701 – Ensembl, May 2017

[refGRCm38Ensembl-2] GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000040613 – Ensembl, May 2017

[3] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[4] "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[entrez-5] "Entrez Gene: APOBEC1 apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide 1".

[pmid21258325-6] Rosenberg BR, Hamilton CE, Mwangi MM, Dewell S, Papavasiliou FN (2011). "Transcriptome-wide sequencing reveals numerous APOBEC1 mRNA-editing targets in transcript 3' UTRs". Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 18 (2): 230–6. doi:10.1038/nsmb.1975. PMC 3075553. PMID 21258325.

[pmid10191286-7] Teng BB, Ochsner S, Zhang Q, Soman KV, Lau PP, Chan L (1999). "Mutational analysis of apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme (APOBEC1). structure-function relationships of RNA editing and dimerization". J. Lipid Res. 40 (4): 623–35. doi:10.1016/S0022-2275(20)32141-6. PMID 10191286.

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