APOBEC3C

APOBEC3C
Available structures
PDB	Human UniProt search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	3VM8, 3VOW
Identifiers
Aliases	APOBEC3C, A3C, APOBEC1L, ARDC2, ARDC4, ARP5, PBI, bK150C2.3, apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3C
External IDs	OMIM: 607750; HomoloGene: 129856; GeneCards: APOBEC3C; OMA:APOBEC3C - orthologs
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 22 (human)
End	39,020,352 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	white blood cell; ; granulocyte; ; monocyte; ; lymph node; ; right adrenal cortex; ; left adrenal gland; ; left adrenal cortex; ; rectum; ; stromal cell of endometrium; ; smooth muscle tissue;
	n/a
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Gene ontology
Molecular function	protein binding; hydrolase activity, acting on carbon-nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in cyclic amidines; catalytic activity; zinc ion binding; hydrolase activity; metal ion binding; RNA binding; cytidine deaminase activity;
Cellular component	nucleus; cytoplasm; P-body;
Biological process	negative regulation of viral genome replication; immune system process; defense response to virus; cytidine deamination; innate immune response; viral process; negative regulation of transposition; DNA demethylation; cytidine to uridine editing; negative regulation of single stranded viral RNA replication via double stranded DNA intermediate; DNA cytosine deamination;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	27350
	n/a
	ENSG00000244509
	n/a
	Q9NRW3
	n/a
	NM_014508
	n/a
	NP_055323
	n/a
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human

DNA dC->dU-editing enzyme APOBEC-3C is a protein that in humans is encoded by the APOBEC3C gene.^[3]^[4]

A3C belong to the A3 family of cytidine deaminases that act as restriction factors against diverse retroviruses. A3C was reported to inhibit simian immunodeficiency deficiency virus potently rather than HIV-1, in absence of viral infectivity factor, Vif.^[5] Enhancing A3C's catalytic activity had only a marginal effect on HIV-1 replication (in absence of Vif), the counteractive viral mechanism is unclear.^[6] A3C was also shown to inhibit other viruses.^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000244509 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ Jarmuz A, Chester A, Bayliss J, Gisbourne J, Dunham I, Scott J, Navaratnam N (March 2002). "An anthropoid-specific locus of orphan C to U RNA-editing enzymes on chromosome 22". Genomics. 79 (3): 285–96. doi:10.1006/geno.2002.6718. PMID 11863358.
^ "Entrez Gene: APOBEC3C apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3C".
^ Yu Q, Chen D, König R, Mariani R, Unutmaz D, Landau NR (December 2004). "APOBEC3B and APOBEC3C are potent inhibitors of simian immunodeficiency virus replication". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 279 (51): 53379–86. doi:10.1074/jbc.M408802200. PMID 15466872.
^ Jaguva Vasudevan AA, Hofmann H, Willbold D, Häussinger D, Koenig BW, Münk C (April 2017). "Enhancing the Catalytic Deamination Activity of APOBEC3C Is Insufficient to Inhibit Vif-Deficient HIV-1". Journal of Molecular Biology. 429 (8): 1171–1191. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2017.03.015. PMID 28315663.
^ Baumert TF, Rösler C, Malim MH, von Weizsäcker F (September 2007). "Hepatitis B virus DNA is subject to extensive editing by the human deaminase APOBEC3C". Hepatology. 46 (3): 682–9. doi:10.1002/hep.21733. PMID 17625792. S2CID 9029300.
^ Suspène R, Aynaud MM, Koch S, Pasdeloup D, Labetoulle M, Gaertner B, Vartanian JP, Meyerhans A, Wain-Hobson S (August 2011). "Genetic editing of herpes simplex virus 1 and Epstein-Barr herpesvirus genomes by human APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases in culture and in vivo". Journal of Virology. 85 (15): 7594–602. doi:10.1128/JVI.00290-11. PMC 3147940. PMID 21632763.
^ Köck J, Blum HE (May 2008). "Hypermutation of hepatitis B virus genomes by APOBEC3G, APOBEC3C and APOBEC3H". The Journal of General Virology. 89 (Pt 5): 1184–91. doi:10.1099/vir.0.83507-0. PMID 18420796.
^ Li D, Liu J, Kang F, Guan W, Gao X, Wang Y, Sun D (October 2011). "Core-APOBEC3C chimerical protein inhibits hepatitis B virus replication". Journal of Biochemistry. 150 (4): 371–4. doi:10.1093/jb/mvr086. PMID 21746770.
^ Ahasan MM, Wakae K, Wang Z, Kitamura K, Liu G, Koura M, Imayasu M, Sakamoto N, Hanaoka K, Nakamura M, Kyo S, Kondo S, Fujiwara H, Yoshizaki T, Mori S, Kukimoto I, Muramatsu M (February 2015). "APOBEC3A and 3C decrease human papillomavirus 16 pseudovirion infectivity". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 457 (3): 295–9. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.12.103. hdl:2297/44628. PMID 25576866.

[refGRCh38Ensembl-1] GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000244509 – Ensembl, May 2017

[2] "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.

[pmid11863358-3] Jarmuz A, Chester A, Bayliss J, Gisbourne J, Dunham I, Scott J, Navaratnam N (March 2002). "An anthropoid-specific locus of orphan C to U RNA-editing enzymes on chromosome 22". Genomics. 79 (3): 285–96. doi:10.1006/geno.2002.6718. PMID 11863358.

[entrez-4] "Entrez Gene: APOBEC3C apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3C".

[5] Yu Q, Chen D, König R, Mariani R, Unutmaz D, Landau NR (December 2004). "APOBEC3B and APOBEC3C are potent inhibitors of simian immunodeficiency virus replication". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 279 (51): 53379–86. doi:10.1074/jbc.M408802200. PMID 15466872.

[6] Jaguva Vasudevan AA, Hofmann H, Willbold D, Häussinger D, Koenig BW, Münk C (April 2017). "Enhancing the Catalytic Deamination Activity of APOBEC3C Is Insufficient to Inhibit Vif-Deficient HIV-1". Journal of Molecular Biology. 429 (8): 1171–1191. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2017.03.015. PMID 28315663.

[7] Baumert TF, Rösler C, Malim MH, von Weizsäcker F (September 2007). "Hepatitis B virus DNA is subject to extensive editing by the human deaminase APOBEC3C". Hepatology. 46 (3): 682–9. doi:10.1002/hep.21733. PMID 17625792. S2CID 9029300.

[8] Suspène R, Aynaud MM, Koch S, Pasdeloup D, Labetoulle M, Gaertner B, Vartanian JP, Meyerhans A, Wain-Hobson S (August 2011). "Genetic editing of herpes simplex virus 1 and Epstein-Barr herpesvirus genomes by human APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases in culture and in vivo". Journal of Virology. 85 (15): 7594–602. doi:10.1128/JVI.00290-11. PMC 3147940. PMID 21632763.

[9] Köck J, Blum HE (May 2008). "Hypermutation of hepatitis B virus genomes by APOBEC3G, APOBEC3C and APOBEC3H". The Journal of General Virology. 89 (Pt 5): 1184–91. doi:10.1099/vir.0.83507-0. PMID 18420796.

[10] Li D, Liu J, Kang F, Guan W, Gao X, Wang Y, Sun D (October 2011). "Core-APOBEC3C chimerical protein inhibits hepatitis B virus replication". Journal of Biochemistry. 150 (4): 371–4. doi:10.1093/jb/mvr086. PMID 21746770.

[11] Ahasan MM, Wakae K, Wang Z, Kitamura K, Liu G, Koura M, Imayasu M, Sakamoto N, Hanaoka K, Nakamura M, Kyo S, Kondo S, Fujiwara H, Yoshizaki T, Mori S, Kukimoto I, Muramatsu M (February 2015). "APOBEC3A and 3C decrease human papillomavirus 16 pseudovirion infectivity". Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications. 457 (3): 295–9. doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.12.103. hdl:2297/44628. PMID 25576866.

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