Abdur Rahman Mahmudi (Persian: عبدالرحمن محمودی, 1909 – early 1960s) was an Afghan medical doctor and politician. Despite having grown up in poverty, he obtained a medical degree and became a prominent social activist. Mahmudi represented a Kabul constituency in the Afghan parliament 1949–1951. Ibrahimi (2012) described him as 'a well-known intellectual and leading figure of constitutional and reformist movement of 1940s and 1950s'.[1] He was jailed in 1952, and died shortly after.