Acetylfentanyl

Acetylfentanyl
Clinical data
Routes of
administration		oral, iv, im, insuflation
ATC code
  • none
Legal status
Legal status
  • AU: Illegal
  • BR: Class F1 (Prohibited narcotics)
  • CA: Schedule I[1]
  • DE: Anlage II (Authorized trade only, not prescriptible)
  • UK: Class A
  • US: Schedule I[2]
  • Illegal in China, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, Poland, Sweden and Switzerland[3]
Identifiers
  • N-(1-Phenethylpiperidin-4-yl)-N-phenylacetamide
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
ECHA InfoCard100.169.973 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC21H26N2O
Molar mass322.452 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • CC(N(C1=CC=CC=C1)C2CCN(CCC3=CC=CC=C3)CC2)=O
  • InChI=1S/C21H26N2O/c1-18(24)23(20-10-6-3-7-11-20)21-13-16-22(17-14-21)15-12-19-8-4-2-5-9-19/h2-11,21H,12-17H2,1H3
  • Key:FYIUUQUPOKIKNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Acetylfentanyl (acetyl fentanyl) is an opioid analgesic drug that is an analog of fentanyl.[4] Studies have estimated acetylfentanyl to be 15 times more potent than morphine,[5][6] which would mean that despite being somewhat weaker than fentanyl, it is nevertheless still several times stronger than pure heroin. It has never been licensed for medical use and instead has only been sold on the illicit drug market. Acetylfentanyl was discovered at the same time as fentanyl itself and had only rarely been encountered on the illicit market in the late 1980s. However, in 2013, Canadian police seized 3 kilograms of acetylfentanyl.[7] As a μ-opioid receptor agonist, acetylfentanyl may serve as a direct substitute for oxycodone, heroin or other opioids. Common side effects of fentanyl analogs are similar to those of fentanyl itself, which include itching, nausea and potentially fatal respiratory depression. Fentanyl analogs have killed hundreds of people throughout Europe and the former Soviet republics since the most recent resurgence in use began in Estonia in the early 2000s, and novel derivatives continue to appear.[8][9][10]

  1. ^ "Controlled Drugs and Substances Act". IsomerDesign.
  2. ^ "Two Charged With Witness Tampering in Joint Woonsocket Police, DEA Investigation". The United States Attorney's Office: District of Rhode Island. US Department of Justice. 6 June 2013.
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference EMCDDA was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Helander A, Bäckberg M, Beck O (20 April 2016). "Intoxications involving the fentanyl analogs acetylfentanyl, 4-methoxybutyrfentanyl and furanylfentanyl: results from the Swedish STRIDA project". Clinical Toxicology. 54 (4): 324–32. doi:10.3109/15563650.2016.1139715. PMID 26850293. S2CID 41668288.
  5. ^ Higashikawa Y, Suzuki S (June 2008). "Studies on 1-(2-phenethyl)-4-(N-propionylanilino)piperidine (fentanyl) and its related compounds. VI. Structure-analgesic activity relationship for fentanyl, methyl-substituted fentanyls and other analogues". Forensic Toxicology. 26 (1): 1–5. doi:10.1007/s11419-007-0039-1. ISSN 1860-8965. S2CID 22092512.
  6. ^ Aceto MD, Bowman ER, Harris LS, May EL (1989). "Dependence studies on new compounds in the rhesus monkey, rat and mouse (1989)" (PDF). NIDA Research Monograph. 95: 578–631. PMID 2641054. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-12-22. Retrieved 2016-08-26.
  7. ^ "Extremely potent painkiller hits Montreal black market". CBS News. 13 May 2013.
  8. ^ Mounteney J, Giraudon I, Denissov G, Griffiths P (July 2015). "Fentanyls: Are we missing the signs? Highly potent and on the rise in Europe". The International Journal on Drug Policy. 26 (7): 626–31. doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.04.003. PMID 25976511.
  9. ^ Ruangyuttikarn W, Law MY, Rollins DE, Moody DE (May–June 1990). "Detection of fentanyl and its analogs by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay". Journal of Analytical Toxicology. 14 (3): 160–4. doi:10.1093/jat/14.3.160. PMID 2374405.
  10. ^ Kroll D (29 August 2013). "CDC Issues Alert On Deadly New Designer Drug, Acetyl Fentanyl". Forbes.