Adolf Loos | |
|---|---|
_(cropped).jpg) Loos c. 1904 | |
| Born | Adolf Franz Karl Viktor Maria Loos 10 December 1870 |
| Died | 23 August 1933 (aged 62) |
| Nationality | Austria, Austria-Hungary |
| Occupation | Architect |
| Buildings | Looshaus, Vienna Villa Müller, Prague |
Adolf Franz Karl Viktor Maria Loos[1] (German pronunciation: [ˈaːdɔlf ˈloːs]; 10 December 1870 – 23 August 1933) was an Austrian and Czechoslovak architect, influential European theorist, and a polemicist of modern architecture. He was inspired by modernism and a widely-known critic of the Art Nouveau movement. His controversial views and literary contributions sparked the establishment of the Vienna Secession movement and postmodernism.[2][3]
Loos was born in Brno to a family of sculptors and stonemasons. His almost deaf father, a stonemason, died when he was 9 and played a role in Loos' interest in arts and crafts. Loos later presented with his father's hearing impairment and other health-related issues. His lack of hearing contributed to his solitary personality. Loos had three tumultuous marriages that all ended in divorce and was convicted as a pedophile in 1928.
With changing interests,[clarification needed] Loos attended multiple colleges also due to his poor academics and his different desires, which proved to be useful by providing him a diverse skillset for architecture. After leaving his last university, Loos visited America and became strongly impacted by the Chicago School of Architecture, being inspired by "form follows function" philosophy of architect Louis Sullivan.
Loos then went on to write many literary pieces including the satirical piece The Story of a Poor Rich Man and his most popular manifesto, Ornament and Crime, which advocated smooth and clear surfaces, exemplified in his design of Looshaus, Vienna, in contrast to both the lavish decorations of the fin de siècle and the more modern aesthetic principles of the Vienna Secession.
Loos became a pioneer of modern architecture and contributed a body of theory and criticism of Modernism in architecture and design and developed the "Raumplan" (literally spatial plan) method of arranging interior spaces, exemplified in Villa Müller in Prague. He died aged 62 on 23 August 1933 in Kalksburg near Vienna.
- ^ Andrews, Brian (2010). "Ornament and Materiality in the Work of Adolf Loos" (PDF). Material Making: The Process of Precedent. p.438. Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 July 2011. Retrieved 9 February 2011.
- ^ Criminal Skins: Tattoos and Modern Architecture in the Work of Adolf Loos (PDF), Canales, Jimena and Andrew Herscher (2005) web, retrieved 3 October 2022
- ^ "How Chicago's Tribune Tower Competition Changed Architecture Forever". ArchDaily. 3 October 2017. Retrieved 10 October 2022.