Aerial stem modification

Grapevine tendrils and leaves.
Thorns.
Cladodes.

Aerial stem modifications are modifications to the aerial stems,[1] vegetative buds and floral buds of plants growing in different conditions and which perform functions such as climbing, protection, support, synthesis of food, or vegetative propagation.[2][3] Aerial stem structures that undergo modifications to perform these special functions include tendrils, thorns, hooks, phylloclade, tuberous stems, and bulbils.[4][5] [6]The auxiliary or the terminal part of the modified structures shows their stem nature.[7]

  1. ^ Lal, Uma Ranjan; Monika; Kotagiri, Ravikant (2022-04-30). "Pharmacognostic specifications of Abroma augusta stems and Cissus quadrangularis aerial part". The Journal of Phytopharmacology. 11 (2): 133–136. doi:10.31254/phyto.2022.11215. ISSN 2320-480X. S2CID 248645066.
  2. ^ "Enzymatic Synthesis of Food Additives", Trends in Food Engineering, CRC Press, pp. 323–334, 2000-06-07, doi:10.1201/9781482279085-36, ISBN 9780429181733, retrieved 2023-09-23
  3. ^ Rubber budding & vegetative propagation. [s.n.] 1920. doi:10.5962/bhl.title.152642.
  4. ^ "Tuberous Medicinal Plants of India: Biology and Biotechnology", Bulbous Plants, CRC Press, pp. 319–345, 2016-04-19, doi:10.1201/b16136-20, ISBN 9780429167904, retrieved 2023-09-23
  5. ^ "Stellar Tendrils", After and Before the Lightning, University of Arizona Press, p. 97, 2022-08-16, doi:10.2307/j.ctv2vt022b.162, retrieved 2023-09-23
  6. ^ "phylloclade, n.", Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford University Press, 2023-03-02, doi:10.1093/oed/7789702023, retrieved 2023-09-23
  7. ^ DeWitt, Natalie; Baker, Monya (2007-06-07). "Welcome to Nature Reports Stem Cells". Nature Reports Stem Cells. doi:10.1038/stemcells.2007.2. ISSN 1754-8705.