Ahruf

According to Islamic tradition, the Quran was revealed to the Islamic prophet Muhammad by the angel Gabriel (Jibril) in seven ahruf (Arabic: أَحْرُف, romanizedaḥruf, singular: ḥarf), translated variously as "styles", "ways",[1] "forms" and "modes".[2] Islamic scholars agree that the ahruf were styles used by the early Muslims to recite the Quran.[3]

The Islamic Caliph Uthman compiled the Quran using one of the ahruf during the 7th century, and the other ahruf fell out of use.[4] The ahruf are distinct from the qira'at, which are methods of pronouncing the Quran that also go back to Muhammad according to the Hadith.[5]

  1. ^ Khatib, Ammar; Khan, Nazir (23 August 2019). "The Origins of the Variant Readings of the Qur'an". Yaqeen Institute.
  2. ^ Abu Ameenah Bilal Philips, Tafseer Soorah Al-Hujuraat, 1990, Tawheed Publications, Riyadh, pp. 29–30.
  3. ^ Dutton 2012, p. 21.
  4. ^ Abu Ameenah Bilal Philips, Tafseer Soorah Al-Hujuraat, 1990, Tawheed Publications, Riyadh, pp. 28-29.
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference ri-28-29 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).