Air Mail Act of 1925

Air Mail Act of 1925
Great Seal of the United States
Long titleAn Act to encourage commercial aviation and to authorize the Postmaster General to contract for air mail service.
NicknamesKelly Act
Enacted bythe 68th United States Congress
EffectiveFebruary 2, 1925
Citations
Public lawPub. L. 68–359
Statutes at Large43 Stat. 805, Chap. 128
Codification
Titles amended39 U.S.C.:Postal Service
U.S.C. sections created39 U.S.C. ch. 54 § 5401 et seq.
Legislative history
  • Introduced in the House as H.R. 7064 by Melville Clyde Kelly (R–PA) on May 13, 1924
  • Passed the House on December 18, 1924 (292-15)
  • Passed the Senate on January 27, 1925 (51-23, in lieu of S. 3674)
  • Signed into law by President Calvin Coolidge on February 2, 1925

The Air Mail Act of 1925, also known as the Kelly Act, was a key piece of legislation that intended to free the airmail from total control by the Post Office Department.[1] In short, it allowed the Postmaster General to contract private companies to carry mail.[2] The Act was sponsored by Pennsylvania representative Clyde Kelly, and became legislation in February that year.[3]

The act created a bidding period for small airmail routes, setting rates and subsidies contractors would receive for flying mail. The first contracts were awarded to Colonial Air Transport, National Air Transport, Robertson Aircraft Corporation, Western Air Express and Varney Air Lines. Contractors were paid $3.00 per pound of mail for the first 1,000 miles traveled.[1] Due to the surplus aircraft available after the First World War, particularly de Havilland DH-4s, the act bolstered a nascent aviation industry in the United States.[4]

By 1927, over 2.5 million miles were traveled by US Airmail Service planes, carrying over 22 million letters.[5] Further regulation ensued quite rapidly, such as those issued by second assistant postmaster general Col. Paul Henderson, which required pilots and their aircraft to receive a certificate of airworthiness from the Post Office, and that each company needed to post at least ten thousand dollars in good faith bonds.[6]

  1. ^ a b "Airmail Creates an Industry: Postal Act Facts". Smithsonian National Postal Museum. Retrieved 9 October 2018.
  2. ^ Tim Brady (2000). The American Aviation Experience: A History. SIU Press. p. 303. ISBN 978-0-8093-2371-5.
  3. ^ Wells, Alexander T. (1 January 2007). Air Transportation: A Management Perspective. Ashgate Publishing. p. 33. ISBN 978-0-7546-7171-8.
  4. ^ Pearson, Michael W.; Riley, Daniel S. (15 April 2016). Foundations of Aviation Law. Routledge. p. 41. ISBN 978-1-317-13372-8.
  5. ^ Allaz, Camille (March 2005). History of Air Cargo and Airmail from the 18th Century. Google Consultant. p. 63. ISBN 978-0-9548896-0-9.
  6. ^ F. Robert van der Linden (13 January 2015). Airlines and Air Mail: The Post Office and the Birth of the Commercial Aviation Industry. University Press of Kentucky. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-8131-4938-7.