Alliance of Independents

Alliance of Independents
Landesring der Unabhängige
Alliance des Indépendants
Anello degli Indipendenti
FounderGottlieb Duttweiler
Founded30 December 1936
Dissolved4 December 1999
IdeologySocial liberalism
Green liberalism

The Alliance of Independents,[1][2][3] Ring of Independents, or National Ring of Independents,[4] (German: Landesring der Unabhängigen (LdU), French: Alliance des Indépendants (AdI), Italian: Anello degli Indipendenti) was a social liberal[5] political party in Switzerland that existed between 1936 and 1999.

  1. ^ Amir Abedi (2004). Anti-Political Establishment Parties: A comparative analysis. Routledge. p. 69. ISBN 9780415319614.
  2. ^ Francis Jacobs (1989). Switzerland. Longman. p. 656. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  3. ^ D.L. Seiler (1988). Liberal parties in Switzerland. Cambridge University Press. p. 368. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  4. ^ Heinrich August Winkler (2015). The Age of Catastrophe: A History of the West 1914–1945. Yale University Press. p. 320.
  5. ^ Lachner, Andreas (2006), "Das Parteiensystem der Schweiz", Die Parteiensysteme Westeuropas, VS Verlag, p. 400