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Alternative fuels, also known as non-conventional and advanced fuels,[1] are fuels derived from sources other than petroleum.[2] Alternative fuels include gaseous fossil fuels like propane, natural gas, methane, and ammonia; biofuels like biodiesel, bioalcohol, and refuse-derived fuel; and other renewable fuels like hydrogen and electricity.[3]
These fuels are intended to substitute for more carbon intensive energy sources like gasoline and diesel in transportation and can help to contribute to decarbonization and reductions in pollution.[2][4][5] Alternative fuel is also shown to reduce non-carbon emissions such as the release of nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide, as well as sulfur dioxide and other harmful gases in the exhaust. This is especially important in industries such as mining, where toxic gases can accumulate more easily.
- ^ Speight, James G. (2011). The refinery of the future. Norwich, N.Y.: William Andrew. ISBN 978-0-8155-2041-2. OCLC 694454972.
- ^ a b "Alternative Fuels". www.fueleconomy.gov. Retrieved 2023-03-31.
- ^ US EPA, OAR (2015-07-15). "Alternative Fuels". www.epa.gov. Retrieved 2023-02-12.
- ^ "Alternative fuels | European Alternative Fuels Observatory". alternative-fuels-observatory.ec.europa.eu. Retrieved 2023-03-31.
- ^ Sandaka, Bhanu Prakash; Kumar, Jitendra (2023). "Alternative vehicular fuels for environmental decarbonization: A critical review of challenges in using electricity, hydrogen, and biofuels as a sustainable vehicular fuel". Chemical Engineering Journal Advances. 14: 100442. doi:10.1016/j.ceja.2022.100442.