| Alternative oxidase | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Identifiers | |||||||||
| Symbol | AOX | ||||||||
| Pfam | PF01786 | ||||||||
| InterPro | IPR002680 | ||||||||
| OPM superfamily | 357 | ||||||||
| OPM protein | 3w54 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Also matches plastid terminal oxidase and bacterial AOX. | |||||||||
The alternative oxidase (AOX) is an enzyme that forms part of the electron transport chain in mitochondria of different organisms.[1][2] Proteins homologous to the mitochondrial oxidase and the related plastid terminal oxidase have also been identified in bacterial genomes.[3][4]
The oxidase provides an alternative route for electrons passing through the electron transport chain to reduce oxygen. However, as several proton-pumping steps are bypassed in this alternative pathway, activation of the oxidase reduces ATP generation. This enzyme was first identified as a distinct oxidase pathway from cytochrome c oxidase as the alternative oxidase is resistant to inhibition by the poison cyanide.[5]
- ^ McDonald A, Vanlerberghe G (2004). "Branched mitochondrial electron transport in the Animalia: presence of alternative oxidase in several animal phyla". IUBMB Life. 56 (6): 333–41. doi:10.1080/1521-6540400000876. PMID 15370881.
- ^ Sluse FE, Jarmuszkiewicz W (1998). "Alternative oxidase in the branched mitochondrial respiratory network: an overview on structure, function, regulation, and role". Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res. 31 (6): 733–47. doi:10.1590/S0100-879X1998000600003. PMID 9698817.
- ^ McDonald AE, Amirsadeghi S, Vanlerberghe GC (2003). "Prokaryotic orthologues of mitochondrial alternative oxidase and plastid terminal oxidase". Plant Mol. Biol. 53 (6): 865–76. doi:10.1023/B:PLAN.0000023669.79465.d2. PMID 15082931. S2CID 41525108.
- ^ Atteia A, van Lis R, van Hellemond JJ, Tielens AG, Martin W, Henze K (2004). "Identification of prokaryotic homologues indicates an endosymbiotic origin for the alternative oxidases of mitochondria (AOX) and chloroplasts (PTOX)". Gene. 330: 143–8. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2004.01.015. PMID 15087133.
- ^ Moore AL, Siedow JN (1991). "The regulation and nature of the cyanide-resistant alternative oxidase of plant mitochondria". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1059 (2): 121–40. doi:10.1016/S0005-2728(05)80197-5. PMID 1883834.