Launched in 2007,[1][2] Amazon Vine is an internal service of Amazon.com that allows manufacturers and publishers to receive reviews for their products on Amazon.[3][4][5] Companies pay a fee to Amazon and provide products for review. The products are then passed to Amazon reviewers, who can publish a review. Reviews are not required on any particular item, although Vine members are expected to review most items received. Past and present participating companies include Logitech, HarperCollins, Philips, Samsung, Bose, Sony, Tefal, Microsoft, Breville, Bosch, Garmin, Dyson, Remington, Case Logic, Creative, Braun, Sennheiser, Olympus, LG, Black & Decker, Acer and Walker Books.[6][7] Reception for the program has been mixed with some people criticizing the program's use of non-professional reviewers while others cited this as a benefit.[8][9] The Vine program operates independently on Amazon.com, Amazon.co.uk,[10] Amazon.fr,[11] Amazon.de,[12] Amazon.ca[13] and Amazon.es.[14]