American coot

"Mud hen" redirects here. For the baseball team, see Toledo Mud Hens. For other uses, see Mud hen (disambiguation).

American coot
American coot in New York City
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Gruiformes
Family: Rallidae
Genus: Fulica
Species:
F. americana
Binomial name
Fulica americana
  Breeding range
  Winter-only range
  Year-round range
  Passage
Synonyms

and see text

The American coot (Fulica americana), also known as a mud hen or pouldeau, is a bird of the family Rallidae. Though commonly mistaken for ducks, American coots are only distantly related to ducks, belonging to a separate order. Unlike the webbed feet of ducks, coots have broad, lobed scales on their lower legs and toes that fold back with each step to facilitate walking on dry land.[2] Coots live near water, typically inhabiting wetlands and open water bodies in North America. Groups of coots are called covers[3] or rafts.[2] The oldest known coot lived to be 22 years old.[2]

The American coot is a migratory bird that occupies most of North America. It lives in the Pacific and southwestern United States and Mexico year-round and occupies more northeastern regions during the summer breeding season. In the winter they can be found as far south as Panama.[2] Coots generally build floating nests and lay 8–12 eggs per clutch.[2] Females and males have similar appearances, but they can be distinguished during aggressive displays by the larger ruff (head plumage) on the male.[4] American coots eat primarily algae and other aquatic plants but also animals (both vertebrates and invertebrates) when available.[5]

The American coot is closely related to the Eurasian coot (Fulica atra), which occupies the same ecological niche in Eurasia and Australia as the American coot does in North America.[citation needed] Eurasian coots can be distinguished from this species by the absence of a red callus above the bird's frontal shield.[citation needed]

The American coot is listed as “Least Concern” under the IUCN conservation ratings.[1] Hunters generally avoid killing American coots because their meat is not as sought after as that of ducks.[2]

American coots display several interesting breeding habits; mothers will preferentially feed offspring with the brightest plume feathers, which has resulted in coot chicks having brightly ornamented plumage which becomes drabber as they age.[6][7] American coots are also susceptible to conspecific brood parasitism and have evolved mechanisms to differentiate their offspring from those of parasitic females.[8]

  1. ^ a b BirdLife International. (2016). "Fulica americana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016: e.T62169677A95190980. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T62169677A95190980.en.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Cite error: The named reference Cornell was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Group Names for Birds, Baltimore Bird Club
  4. ^ Gullion, Gordon W. (1952). "The Displays and Calls of the American Coot". The Wilson Bulletin. 64 (2): 83–97. JSTOR 4158081.
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference Hoyo was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Stephens, Tim (30 December 2019). "The mysterious case of the ornamented coot chicks has a surprising explanation". UC Santa Cruz.
  7. ^ Davies, Nicholas B.; Krebs, John R.; West, Stuart A. (2012). "8". Behavioural Ecology. West Sussex, UK: John Wiley and Sons. ISBN 9781405114165.
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference Shizuka 2009 223–226 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).