Ammonia solution

Ammonia solution
Ball-and-stick model of the ammonia molecule
Ball-and-stick model of the ammonia molecule
Ball-and-stick model of the water molecule
Ball-and-stick model of the water molecule
Ball-and-stick model of the ammonium cation
Ball-and-stick model of the ammonium cation
Ball-and-stick model of the hydroxide anion
Ball-and-stick model of the hydroxide anion
Names
IUPAC name
Ammonium hydroxide
Other names
  • Ammonia water
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.014.225 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 215-647-6
E number E527 (acidity regulators, ...)
KEGG
RTECS number
  • BQ9625000
UNII
UN number 2672
  • InChI=1S/H3N.H2O/h1H3;1H2 checkY
    Key: VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/H3N.H2O/h1H3;1H2
    Key: VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYAI
  • [OH2].[NH3]
Properties[1]
NH3(aq)
Molar mass 17.031 g/mol
Appearance Colourless liquid
Odor "Fishy", highly pungent
Density 0.91 g/cm3 (25 % w/w)
0.88 g/cm3 (35 % w/w)
Melting point −57.5 °C (−71.5 °F; 215.7 K) (25 % w/w)
−91.5 °C (35% w/w)
Boiling point 37.7 °C (99.9 °F; 310.8 K) (25 % w/w)
Miscible
−31.5×10−6 cm3/mol
Thermochemistry
111 J/(mol·K)[2]
−80 kJ/mol[2]
Hazards[4][5]
Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
 Moderately toxic and irritating towards mucous membranes
GHS labelling:
GHS05: Corrosive GHS06: Toxic GHS07: Exclamation mark GHS09: Environmental hazard
Danger
H302, H314, H335, H410
P261, P271, P273, P280, P303+P361+P353, P305+P351+P338
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g. chlorine gasFlammability 1: Must be pre-heated before ignition can occur. Flash point over 93 °C (200 °F). E.g. canola oilInstability 0: Normally stable, even under fire exposure conditions, and is not reactive with water. E.g. liquid nitrogenSpecial hazard COR: Corrosive; strong acid or base. E.g. sulfuric acid, potassium hydroxide
3
1
0
COR
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
100 — 200 mg/kg[3]
Safety data sheet (SDS) ICSC 0215 (10%-35% solution)
Related compounds
Other anions
 Ammonium chloride
Ammonium cyanide
Other cations
 Tetramethylammonium hydroxide
Related compounds
 Ammonia
Hydroxylamine
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Ammonia solution, also known as ammonia water, ammonium hydroxide, ammoniacal liquor, ammonia liquor, aqua ammonia, aqueous ammonia, or (inaccurately) ammonia, is a solution of ammonia in water. It can be denoted by the symbols NH3(aq). Although the name ammonium hydroxide suggests a salt with the composition [NH+
4][OH−
], it is actually impossible to isolate samples of NH4OH. The ions NH+
4 and OH− do not account for a significant fraction of the total amount of ammonia except in extremely dilute solutions.[6]

The concentration of such solutions is measured in units of the Baumé scale (density), with 26 degrees Baumé (about 30% of ammonia by weight at 15.5 °C or 59.9 °F) being the typical high-concentration commercial product.[7]

  1. ^ Record of Ammonia solution in the GESTIS Substance Database of the Institute for Occupational Safety and Health .
  2. ^ a b Zumdahl, Steven S. (2009). Chemical Principles 6th Ed. Houghton Mifflin Company. p. A22. ISBN 978-0-618-94690-7.
  3. ^ Ammonium hydroxide toxicity
  4. ^ C&L Inventory.
  5. ^ "GESTIS-Stoffdatenbank". gestis.dguv.de.
  6. ^ Housecroft, C. E.; Sharpe, A. G. (2004). Inorganic Chemistry (2nd ed.). Prentice Hall. p. 187. ISBN 978-0-13-039913-7.
  7. ^ "Ammonium hydroxide physical properties" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 November 2007.