Ammophila arenaria

Ammophila arenaria
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Clade: Commelinids
Order: Poales
Family: Poaceae
Genus: Ammophila
Species:
A. arenaria
Binomial name
Ammophila arenaria
Synonyms
  • Arundo arenaria, (Linnaeus)[1]
  • Ammannia coccinea purpurea, (Lam.) Koehne[1]
  • Ammannia teres, (Raf.)[1]
  • Calamagrostis arenaria, (L.) Roth[1]
  • Ammophila australis is a synonym of Ammophila arenaria subspecies australis (Mabille) M.Laínz

Ammophila arenaria is a species of grass in the family Poaceae. It is known by the common names marram grass and European beachgrass.[2][3] It is one of two species of the genus Ammophila. It is native to the coastlines of Europe and North Africa where it grows in the sands of beach dunes. It is a perennial grass forming stiff, hardy clumps of erect stems up to 1.2 metres (3.9 ft) in height. It grows from a network of thick rhizomes which give it a sturdy anchor in its sand substrate and allow it to spread upward as sand accumulates. These rhizomes can grow laterally by 2 metres (6 ft 7 in) in six months. One clump can produce 100 new shoots annually.[4]

The rhizomes tolerate submersion in sea water and can break off and float in the currents to establish the grass at new sites.[5] The leaves are up to 1 metre (3 ft 3 in) long and sharply pointed. The cylindrical inflorescence is up to 30 centimetres (12 in) long. It is adapted to habitat made up of shifting, accreting sand layers, as well as that composed of stabilised dunes.[5]

  1. ^ a b c d "Ammophila arenaria". Global Invasive Species Database (GISD).
  2. ^ "Ammophila arenaria". California Invasive Plant Council. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  3. ^ David Chapman (2008). Exploring the Cornish Coast. Penzance: Alison Hodge. p. 52. ISBN 9780906720561.
  4. ^ Apteker, Rachel. "Invasive Plants of California's Wildland: Ammophila arenaria". California Invasive Plants Council. Retrieved 2008-09-18.
  5. ^ a b Cite error: The named reference UC was invoked but never defined (see the help page).