Ancient Northeast Asian

Not to be confused with Ancient Northern East Asian (ANEA).
The Ancient Northeast Asians (ANA,   yellow area) are defined as a cluster of Neolithic populations from the Altai Mountains to the Pacific coast. They were bordered by Western Eurasian populations to the west, which combined BMAC, Afanasievo and Ancient North Eurasian (ANE) ancestry.[1]

In archaeogenetics, the term Ancient Northeast Asian (ANA),[2][3] also known as Amur ancestry,[4] is the name given to an ancestral component that represents the lineage of the hunter-gatherer people of the 7th-4th millennia before present, in far eastern Siberia, Mongolia and the Baikal regions. They are inferred to have diverged from Ancient East Asians about 24kya ago,[5] and are represented by several ancient human specimens found in archaeological excavations east of the Altai Mountains. They are a sub-group of the Ancient Northern East Asians (ANEA).[6]

  1. ^ Jeong et al. 2020, Figure S4A.
  2. ^ Wang, Ke; Yu, He; Radzevičiūtė, Rita; Kiryushin, Yuriy F.; Tishkin, Alexey A.; Frolov, Yaroslav V.; Stepanova, Nadezhda F.; Kiryushin, Kirill Yu.; Kungurov, Artur L.; Shnaider, Svetlana V.; Tur, Svetlana S.; Tiunov, Mikhail P.; Zubova, Alisa V.; Pevzner, Maria; Karimov, Timur (6 February 2023). "Middle Holocene Siberian genomes reveal highly connected gene pools throughout North Asia". Current Biology. 33 (3): 423–433.e5. Bibcode:2023CBio...33E.423W. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2022.11.062. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 36638796. S2CID 255750546. We find the presence of ancient Northeast Asian (ANA) ancestry—initially described in Neolithic groups from the Russian Far East ... first identified in the Russian Far East in Neolithic hunter-gatherers from Devil's Gate Cave (DevilsCave_N)
  3. ^ Jeong et al. 2020: "In this study, we analyzed six pre-Bronze Age individuals from three sites dating to the fifth and fourth millennia BCE: one from eastern Mongolia (SOU001, "eastMongolia_preBA", 4686-4495 cal. BCE), one from central Mongolia (ERM003, "centralMongolia_preBA", 3781-3643 cal. BCE), and four from the eastern Baikal region ("Fofonovo_EN"). By comparing these genomes to previously published ancient and modern data across Eurasia (Fig. 2) (see Methods and Materials), we found that they are most closely related to contemporaneous hunter-gatherers from the western Baikal region ("Baikal_EN", 5200-4200 BCE) and the Russian Far East ("DevilsCave_N", ca. 5700 BCE), filling in the geographic gap in the distribution of this genetic profile (Fig. 3a). We refer to this profile as "Ancient Northeast Asian" (ANA)"
  4. ^ Yang, Melinda A. (6 January 2022). "A genetic history of migration, diversification, and admixture in Asia". Human Population Genetics and Genomics. 2 (1): 1–32. doi:10.47248/hpgg2202010001. ISSN 2770-5005. Amur ancestry—ancestry associated with populations in the Amur River region, Mongolia, and Siberia, with the oldest individual sampled to date represented by a 14,000-year-old individual from the Amur River region, i.e. Amur14K [61]. Populations associated with this ancestry likely contributed to the ancestors of Native Americans and populations associated with Paleosiberian ancestry.
  5. ^ Yang, Melinda A. (6 January 2022). "A genetic history of migration, diversification, and admixture in Asia". Human Population Genetics and Genomics. 2 (1): 1–32. doi:10.47248/hpgg2202010001. ISSN 2770-5005. 24,000 years ago may also indicate the split time separating Amur ancestry from other Asian ancestries.
  6. ^ Yang, Melinda A. (6 January 2022). "A genetic history of migration, diversification, and admixture in Asia". Human Population Genetics and Genomics. 2 (1): 1–32. doi:10.47248/hpgg2202010001. ISSN 2770-5005. Using f4-statistics, both DevilsCave_N and AR14K share a close genetic relationship to each other and group phylogenetically with other ancient northern East Asian individuals rather than ancient southern East Asian individuals [61,68].