Ancient solution

In mathematics, an ancient solution to a differential equation is a solution that can be extrapolated backwards to all past times, without singularities. That is, it is a solution "that is defined on a time interval of the form (−∞, T)."[1]

The term was introduced by Richard Hamilton in his work on the Ricci flow.[2] It has since been applied to other geometric flows[3][4][5][6] as well as to other systems such as the Navier–Stokes equations[7][8] and heat equation.[9]

  1. ^ Perelman, Grigori (2002), The entropy formula for the Ricci flow and its geometric applications, arXiv:math/0211159, Bibcode:2002math.....11159P.
  2. ^ Hamilton, Richard S. The formation of singularities in the Ricci flow. Surveys in differential geometry, Vol. II (Cambridge, MA, 1993), 7–136, Int. Press, Cambridge, MA, 1995
  3. ^ Loftin, John; Tsui, Mao-Pei (2008), "Ancient solutions of the affine normal flow", Journal of Differential Geometry, 78 (1): 113–162, arXiv:math/0602484, doi:10.4310/jdg/1197320604, MR 2406266, S2CID 420652.
  4. ^ Daskalopoulos, Panagiota; Hamilton, Richard; Sesum, Natasa (2010), "Classification of compact ancient solutions to the curve shortening flow", Journal of Differential Geometry, 84 (3): 455–464, arXiv:0806.1757, Bibcode:2008arXiv0806.1757D, doi:10.4310/jdg/1279114297, MR 2669361, S2CID 18747005.
  5. ^ You, Qian (2014), Some Ancient Solutions of Curve Shortening, Ph.D. thesis, University of Wisconsin–Madison, ProQuest 1641120538.
  6. ^ Huisken, Gerhard; Sinestrari, Carlo (2015), "Convex ancient solutions of the mean curvature flow", Journal of Differential Geometry, 101 (2): 267–287, arXiv:1405.7509, doi:10.4310/jdg/1442364652, MR 3399098.
  7. ^ Seregin, Gregory A. (2010), "Weak solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations with bounded scale-invariant quantities", Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians, vol. III, Hindustan Book Agency, New Delhi, pp. 2105–2127, MR 2827878.
  8. ^ Barker, T.; Seregin, G. (2015), "Ancient solutions to Navier-Stokes equations in half space", Journal of Mathematical Fluid Mechanics, 17 (3): 551–575, arXiv:1503.07428, Bibcode:2015JMFM...17..551B, doi:10.1007/s00021-015-0211-z, MR 3383928, S2CID 119138067.
  9. ^ Wang, Meng (2011), "Liouville theorems for the ancient solution of heat flows", Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society, 139 (10): 3491–3496, doi:10.1090/S0002-9939-2011-11170-5, MR 2813381.