Anorectal manometry (ARM) is a medical test used to measure pressures in the anus and rectum and to assess their function.[1][2] The test is performed by inserting a catheter, that contains a probe embedded with pressure sensors, through the anus and into the rectum.[3] Patients may be asked to perform certain maneuvers, such as coughing or attempting to defecate, to assess for pressure changes.[3] Anorectal manometry is a safe[4] and low risk[3] procedure.
From 2014 to 2018, the international anorectal physiology working group (IAPWG) meet several times to develop consensus on indications for anorectal manometry.[5] Their assessment concluded that anorectal manometry was indicated when used in assessment of fecal incontinence, constipation, evacuation disorders (including Hirschsprung's disease[6]), functional anorectal pain and in the assessment of anorectal function preoperatively or after a traumatic obstetric injury.[5] In addition to the indications outlined by the IAPWG, anorectal manometry has been used as a component of anorectal biofeedback.[6]
Since its introduction in 2007, high resolution anorectal manometry (HR-ARM) has increasingly replaced conventional anorectal manometry as the standard.[7] There has been increasing usage of high-definition (3D) anorectal manometry (HD-ARM) as well.[7] Current advances in anorectal manometry include the development of bedside portable technology.[7]