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The anti-cosmopolitan campaign (Russian: Борьба с космополитизмом, Bor'ba s kosmopolitizmom) was an anti-Western campaign in the Soviet Union which began in late 1948[1] and has been widely described as a thinly disguised antisemitic purge.[1][2][3][4] A large number of Jews were persecuted as Zionists or rootless cosmopolitans.