Anwar Sadat | |
|---|---|
أنور السادات | |
 Sadat in 1980 | |
| 3rd President of Egypt | |
| In office 15 October 1970 – 6 October 1981 Acting: 28 September – 15 October 1970 | |
| Prime Minister | See list
|
| Vice President | See list
|
| Preceded by | Gamal Abdel Nasser |
| Succeeded by | Sufi Abu Taleb (acting) Hosni Mubarak |
| 37th Prime Minister of Egypt | |
| In office 15 May 1980 – 6 October 1981 | |
| President | Himself |
| Preceded by | Mustafa Khalil |
| Succeeded by | Hosni Mubarak |
| In office 26 March 1973 – 25 September 1974 | |
| President | Himself |
| Preceded by | Aziz Sedki |
| Succeeded by | Abdel Aziz Mohamed Hegazy |
| Vice President of Egypt | |
| In office 19 December 1969 – 14 October 1970 | |
| President | Gamal Abdel Nasser |
| Preceded by | Hussein el-Shafei |
| Succeeded by | Ali Sabri |
| In office 17 February 1964 – 26 March 1964 | |
| President | Gamal Abdel Nasser |
| Preceded by | Hussein el-Shafei |
| Succeeded by | Zakaria Mohieddin |
| Speaker of the National Assembly of Egypt | |
| In office 21 July 1960 – 20 January 1969 | |
| President | Gamal Abdel Nasser |
| Preceded by | Abdel Latif Boghdadi |
| Succeeded by | Mohamed Labib Skokeir |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Muhammad Anwar es-Sadat محمد أنور السادات 25 December 1918 Monufia, Sultanate of Egypt |
| Died | 6 October 1981 (aged 62) Cairo, Egypt |
| Manner of death | Assassination |
| Resting place | Unknown Soldier Memorial |
| Political party | National Democratic Party |
| Other political affiliations | Arab Socialist Union |
| Spouses | |
| Children | 7 |
| Alma mater | Egyptian Military Academy |
| Signature |  |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance | Egypt |
| Branch/service |  Royal Egyptian Army Egyptian Army |
| Years of service | 1938–1952 |
| Rank |  Colonel (active) Field Marshal (honorary) |
Muhammad Anwar es-Sadat[a] (25 December 1918 – 6 October 1981) was an Egyptian politician and military officer who served as the third president of Egypt, from 15 October 1970 until his assassination by fundamentalist army officers on 6 October 1981. Sadat was a senior member of the Free Officers who overthrew King Farouk I in the Egyptian Revolution of 1952, and a close confidant of President Gamal Abdel Nasser, under whom he served as vice president twice and whom he succeeded as president in 1970. In 1978, Sadat and Menachem Begin, Prime Minister of Israel, signed a peace treaty in cooperation with United States President Jimmy Carter, for which they were recognized with the Nobel Peace Prize.
In his 11 years as president, he changed Egypt's trajectory, departing from many political and economic tenets of Nasserism, reinstituting a multi-party system, and launching the Infitah economic policy. As President, he led Egypt in the Yom Kippur War of 1973 to regain Egypt's Sinai Peninsula, which Israel had occupied since the Six-Day War of 1967, making him a hero in Egypt and, for a time, the wider Arab World. Afterwards, he engaged in negotiations with Israel, culminating in the Camp David Accords and the Egypt–Israel peace treaty; this won him and Menachem Begin the Nobel Peace Prize, making Sadat the first Muslim Nobel laureate.
Although reaction to the treaty – which resulted in the return of Sinai to Egypt – was generally favorable among Egyptians,[6] it was rejected by the country's Muslim Brotherhood and the left, which felt Sadat had abandoned efforts to ensure a State of Palestine.[6] With the exception of Sudan, the Arab world and the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) strongly opposed Sadat's efforts to make a separate peace with Israel without prior consultations with the Arab states.[6] His refusal to reconcile with them over the Palestinian issue resulted in Egypt being suspended from the Arab League from 1979 to 1989.[7][8][9] The peace treaty was also one of the primary factors that led to his assassination; on 6 October 1981, militants led by Khalid Islambouli opened fire on Sadat with automatic rifles during the 6 October parade in Cairo, killing him.
- ^ Finklestone, Joseph (2013), Anwar Sadat: Visionary Who Dared, Routledge, ISBN 978-1-135-19565-6,
Significantly, Anwar Sadat did not mention aspects in his early life...It was in Mit Abul-Kum that Eqbal Afifi, the woman who was his wife for ten years and whom he left, was also born. Her family was of higher social standing than Anwar's, being of Turkish origin...
- ^ Serrieh, Joanne (9 July 2021). "Jehan Sadat, wife of late Anwar Sadat, dies after short battle with illness: Reports". Al Arabiya English. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
- ^ "Sadat". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved 8 May 2019.
- ^ "Sadat". Oxford Dictionaries UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press.
- ^ "Sādāt". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 8 May 2019.
- ^ a b c "Peace with Israel". Country Studies.
- ^ Graham, Nick (21 August 2010). "Middle East Peace Talks: Israel, Palestinian Negotiations More Hopeless Than Ever". HuffPost.
- ^ Vatikiotis, P. J. (1992). The History of Modern Egypt (4th ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 443. ISBN 978-0-8018-2339-8.
- ^ Gwertzman, Bernard (26 March 1979). "Egypt and Israel Sign Formal Treaty, Ending a State of War After 30 Years; Sadat and Begin Praise Carter's Role". The New York Times.
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