Apocrine sweat gland

Apocrine sweat gland
Microscopic photography of eccrine and apocrine sweats glands in dermis.
Details
PrecursorPrimary epithelial germ[4]
SystemIntegumentary system[2]
NerveAdrenergic nerves[3]
Identifiers
Latinglandula sudorifera apocrina[1]
MeSHD001050
THH3.12.00.3.03002
FMA59155
Anatomical terminology

An apocrine sweat gland (/ˈæpəkrən, -ˌkraɪn, -ˌkriːn/; from Greek apo 'away' and krinein 'to separate')[5][6] is composed of a coiled secretory portion located at the junction of the dermis and subcutaneous fat, from which a straight portion inserts and secretes into the infundibular portion of the hair follicle.[7] In humans, apocrine sweat glands are found only in certain locations of the body: the axillae (armpits), areola and nipples of the breast, ear canal, eyelids, wings of the nostril, perineal region, and some parts of the external genitalia.[8] Modified apocrine glands include the ciliary glands (glands of Moll) in the eyelids; the ceruminous glands, which produce ear wax; and the mammary glands, which produce milk.[3] They are distinct from eccrine sweat glands, which cover the whole body.[9]

Most non-primate mammals, however, have apocrine sweat glands over the greater part of their body.[8] Domestic animals such as dogs and cats have apocrine glands at each hair follicle and even in their urinary system, but eccrine glands only in foot pads and snout. Their apocrine glands, like those in humans, produce an odorless, oily, opaque secretion[10] that gains its characteristic odor upon bacterial decomposition.[11] Eccrine glands on their paws increase friction and prevent them from slipping when fleeing from danger.[12]

  1. ^ H3.12.00.3.03002
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference neas was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ a b Krstic 2004, p. 466.
  4. ^ Tsai 2006, p. 496.
  5. ^ McKean, Erin (2005). "apocrine". The New Oxford American Dictionary (2 ed.). ISBN 9780195170771.
  6. ^ McKean, Erin (2005). "apo-". The New Oxford American Dictionary (2 ed.). ISBN 9780195170771.
  7. ^ Elston, William D.; James, Timothy G.; Berger, Dirk M. (2006). Andrew's Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology (10th ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier. p. 7. ISBN 9780808923510.
  8. ^ a b Kurosumi, Shibasaki & Ito 1984, p. 255.
  9. ^ Cite error: The named reference edgarfolk91 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  10. ^ Cite error: The named reference merck was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  11. ^ Eroschenko 2008, pp. 228–229.
  12. ^ Wilke et al. 2007, p. 170.