Archambault is a surname. Notable people with the name include:
- Alexandre Archambault (1829–1879), lawyer and political figure in Canada East
- Charles Archambault (fl. 1812–1838), surveyor and political figure in Lower Canada
- François-Xavier Archambault (1841–1893), lawyer and political figure in Quebec
- George F. Archambault (1909–2001), pharmacy liaison officer for the United States Public Health Service
- Gilles Archambault (born 1933), Canadian novelist
- Gilles Archambault (Canadian football) (1934–2009), Canadian football player
- Jacques Archambault (c. 1604–1688), French colonist in Montreal
- Jacques Archambault (politician) (1765–1851), farmer and political figure in Lower Canada
- Jean Archambault (1780–c. 1831), farmer and political figure in Lower Canada
- Jean-Jacques Archambault (died 2001), Canadian engineer
- JoAllyn Archambault (born 1942), American cultural anthropologist
- John Archambault, American children's book author
- Joseph Archambault (1879–1964), Canadian politician and lawyer
- Joseph-Éloi Archambault (1861–1916), Canadian politician
- Larry Archambault (1919–1981), Canadian ice hockey player
- Lee Archambault (born 1960), American astronaut
- Louis Archambault (1915–2003), Quebec sculptor
- Louise Archambault, Canadian film director and screenwriter
- Louise Archambault Greaves, film co-producer and director with husband William Greaves
- Maurice Archambault (1914–2002), Canadian lawyer and judge
- Michel Archambault (1950–2018), Canadian ice hockey left wing
- Nico Archambault (born 1984), Canadian dancer and choreographer
- Pierre Archambault, judge on the Tax Court of Canada
- Pierre-Urgel Archambault (1812–1871), Quebec businessman and political figure
- Stephen Archambault, American politician from Rhode Island
- Sylvain Archambault, Canadian director
- Théophile Archambault (1806–1863), French psychiatrist
- Timothy Archambault (born 1971), American Native American flautist, architect, and composer
- Yves Archambault (born 1952), Canadian ice hockey goaltender