An artificial waterfall is a water feature or fountain which imitates a natural waterfall.[1]
Artificial waterfalls have long been featured in traditional Japanese gardens, where they can serve to highlight a scene or to provide focus. The classic gardening manual Sakuteiki, written in the mid-to-late 11th century, lists nine different types.[2][3] The Cascata delle Marmore is an example of a human-made waterfall created by the ancient Romans.
Artificial waterfalls were popular in Europe in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, including the famous waterfall in Viktoriapark in Berlin.[1] An early American example is Huntington Waterfalls in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco, California. In 1896, Gardening Magazine reported that it was the only artificial waterfall in a public park in North America.[4]
The Liebian International Plaza in Guiyang, Guizhou, China has a 108 m (354 ft) waterfall on one face of the 121 m (397 ft) mixed-use skyscraper.[5]
The New York City Waterfalls (2008), a temporary public art installation by artist Olafur Eliasson, consisted of four human-made waterfalls constructed with 270 tons of exposed scaffolding.
- ^ a b Susan C. Anderson (Editor), Bruce Tabb (Editor), Water, Leisure and Culture: European Historical Perspectives, Berg Publishers, 2002, ISBN 1859735401, page 122
- ^ Takei, Jiro et al. (2001). Sakuteiki Visions of the Japanese Garden: A Modern Translation of Japan's Gardening Classic, p. 3 n1
- ^ David Young, Michiko Young, The Art of the Japanese Garden, Tuttle Publishing, 2005, ISBN 0804835985, page 30
- ^ Gardening Magazine, 1896, page 363
- ^ Maggie Hiufu Wong, "New skyscraper in China features 108-meter-tall waterfall", CNN Travel, 26 July 2018.