Aryl hydrocarbon receptor

AHR
Identifiers
Aliases	AHR, bHLHe76, aryl hydrocarbon receptor, Aryl hydrocarbon receptor, RP85
External IDs	OMIM: 600253; MGI: 105043; HomoloGene: 1224; GeneCards: AHR; OMA:AHR - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 7 (human)[1] Band 7p21.1 Start 16,916,359 bp[1] End 17,346,152 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 12 (mouse)[2] Band 12 A3|12 15.78 cM Start 35,547,973 bp[2] End 35,585,037 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in visceral pleura parietal pleura superficial temporal artery mucosa of paranasal sinus Achilles tendon lower lobe of lung gallbladder skin of hip vulva tibial nerve Top expressed in left lung lobe urothelium mucosa of urinary bladder transitional epithelium of urinary bladder carotid body sciatic nerve skin of external ear right lung vestibular sensory epithelium conjunctival fornix More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Gene ontology Molecular function DNA binding Hsp90 protein binding protein dimerization activity transcription factor binding nuclear receptor activity E-box binding protein binding protein heterodimerization activity DNA-binding transcription factor activity TFIID-class transcription factor complex binding transcription coactivator binding TBP-class protein binding DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific protein homodimerization activity sequence-specific double-stranded DNA binding Cellular component cytoplasm transcription regulator complex cytosolic aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex nuclear aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex nucleus aryl hydrocarbon receptor complex cytosol nucleoplasm protein-containing complex Biological process regulation of transcription, DNA-templated rhythmic process regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II transcription by RNA polymerase II circadian regulation of gene expression transcription, DNA-templated positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated regulation of B cell proliferation blood vessel development regulation of gene expression xenobiotic metabolic process cell cycle negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated response to toxic substance positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II apoptotic process intracellular receptor signaling pathway response to drug cAMP-mediated signaling cellular response to cAMP cellular response to forskolin cellular response to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxine Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 196 11622 Ensembl ENSG00000106546 ENSMUSG00000019256 UniProt P35869 P30561 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001621 NM_013464 NM_001314027 RefSeq (protein) NP_001612 NP_001300956 NP_038492 Location (UCSC) Chr 7: 16.92 – 17.35 Mb Chr 12: 35.55 – 35.59 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (also known as AhR, AHR, ahr, ahR, AH receptor, or as the dioxin receptor) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AHR gene. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor is a transcription factor that regulates gene expression. It was originally thought to function primarily as a sensor of xenobiotic chemicals and also as the regulator of enzymes such as cytochrome P450s that metabolize these chemicals. The most notable of these xenobiotic chemicals are aromatic (aryl) hydrocarbons from which the receptor derives its name.

More recently, it has been discovered that AhR is activated (or deactivated) by a number of endogenous indole derivatives such as kynurenine. In addition to regulating metabolism enzymes, the AhR has roles in regulating immune cells, stem cell maintenance, and cellular differentiation.^[5][6][7]

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor is a member of the family of basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors. AhR binds several exogenous ligands such as natural plant flavonoids, polyphenols and indoles, as well as synthetic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and dioxin-like compounds. AhR is a cytosolic transcription factor that is normally inactive, bound to several co-chaperones. Upon ligand binding to chemicals such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), the chaperones dissociate resulting in AhR translocating into the nucleus and dimerizing with ARNT (AhR nuclear translocator), leading to changes in gene transcription.