Assam | |
|---|---|
| State of Assam | |
| Etymology: "A-ham" (Uneven) or from "Ahom" | |
| Nickname(s): "Land of red river and blue hills" | |
| Motto(s): Joi Aai Axom (Hail Mother Assam)[1] | |
| Anthem: "Ö Mür Apünar Dekh"[2] (O my Dearest Country) | |
 Location of Assam in India | |
| Coordinates: 26°08′N 91°46′E / 26.14°N 91.77°E | |
| Country | India |
| Region | Northeast India |
| Before was | State of Assam |
| Bifurcation | 21 January 1972 |
| Formation | 26 January 1950[3] |
| Capital | Dispur |
| Largest city | Guwahati |
| Districts | 35 (5 divisions) |
| Government | |
| • Body | Government of Assam |
| • Governor | Lakshman Acharya[4] |
| • Chief minister | Himanta Biswa Sarma (BJP) |
| State Legislature | Unicameral |
| • Assembly | Assam Legislative Assembly (126 seats) |
| National Parliament | Parliament of India |
| • Rajya Sabha | 7 seats |
| • Lok Sabha | 14 seats |
| High Court | Gauhati High Court |
| Area | |
| • Total | 78,438 km2 (30,285 sq mi) |
| • Rank | 16th |
| Dimensions | |
| • Length | 725 km (450 mi) |
| • Width | 30 km (20 mi) |
| Elevation | 80 m (260 ft) |
| Highest elevation (Cachar Hills section) | 1,960 m (6,430 ft) |
| Lowest elevation | 45 m (148 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
| • Total |  31,169,272 |
| • Rank | 15th |
| • Density | 397/km2 (1,030/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 14.1% |
| • Rural | 85.9% |
| Demonym | Assamese |
| Language | |
| • Official | Assamese[5] (for entire state except Barak Valley[6]) • Boro (holds one of the official language status for the entire state of Assam[7]) • Meitei (Barak Valley[a] and Hojai district)[8] • Bengali (Barak Valley)[6] |
| • Official script | Bengali–Assamese script (for Assamese & Bengali) • Devanagari (for Bodo) • Meitei script (for Meitei) |
| GDP | |
| • Total (2024–2025) |  ₹6.43 lakh crore (US$77 billion) |
| • Rank | 18th |
| • Per capita | ₹118,504 (US$1,400) (18th) |
| Time zone | UTC+05:30 (IST) |
| ISO 3166 code | IN-AS |
| Vehicle registration | AS |
| HDI (2018) | 0.614 Medium[10] (30th) |
| Literacy (2011) | 72.19%[11] (26th) |
| Sex ratio (2011) | 958 (12th) |
| Website | assam |
| Symbols of Assam | |
 | |
| Song | "Ö Mür Apünar Dekh"[2] (O my Dearest Country) |
| Foundation day | Assam Day |
| Bird | White-winged duck |
| Flower | Foxtail orchid |
| Fruit | Kaji Nemu |
| Mammal | Indian rhinoceros |
| Tree | Hollong |
| State highway mark | |
 | |
| State highway of Assam AS SH1 -AS SH48 | |
| List of Indian state symbols | |
| • First recognised as an administrative division on 1 April 1911, and led to the establishment of Assam Province by partitioning Province of East Bengal and Assam. • Assam was one of the original provincial divisions of British India. • Assam has had a legislature since 1937.[12] | |
Assam (/əˈsæm, æˈsæm/ ə-SAM, a-SAM;[13][14] Assamese: [ɔ'xɔm] ) is a state in northeastern India, south of the eastern Himalayas along the Brahmaputra and Barak River valleys. Assam covers an area of 78,438 km2 (30,285 sq mi). It is the second largest state in northeastern India by area and the largest in terms of population, with more than 31 million inhabitants. The state is bordered by Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh to the north; Nagaland and Manipur to the east; Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram and Bangladesh to the south; and West Bengal to the west via the Siliguri Corridor, a 22-kilometre-wide (14 mi) strip of land that connects the state to the rest of India. Assamese and Bodo are two of the official languages for the entire state and Meitei (Manipuri) is recognised as an additional official language in three districts of Barak Valley and Hojai district.[15] in Hojai district and for the Barak valley region, alongside Bengali, which is also an official language in the Barak Valley.
The state has 35 districts with 5 divisions. Guwahati (containing the state capital Dispur) is the largest city in northeastern India. Assam is known for Assam tea and Assam silk. The state was the first site for oil drilling in Asia.[16] Assam is home to the one-horned Indian rhinoceros, along with the wild water buffalo, pygmy hog, tiger and various species of Asiatic birds, and provides one of the last wild habitats for the Asian elephant. The Assamese economy is aided by wildlife tourism to Kaziranga National Park and Manas National Park, which are World Heritage Sites. Dibru-Saikhowa National Park is famed for its feral horses. Sal tree forests are found in the state which, as a result of abundant rainfall, look green all year round. Assam receives more rainfall than most parts of India; this rain feeds the Brahmaputra River, whose tributaries and oxbow lakes provide the region with a distinctive hydro-geomorphic environment.
- ^ "State Symbols | Assam State Portal". Assam.gov.in. 1 December 2020. Archived from the original on 4 July 2022. Retrieved 24 August 2022.
- ^ Baruah, Krishna Dulal (May 2004). "O mor aponar dex". Xongitor byobohari xutro aru guitar (2nd ed.). Ananta Hazarika, Banalata. p. 46.
- ^ Steinberg, S. (2016). The Statesman's Year-Book 1964–65: The One-Volume ENCYCLOPAEDIA of all nations. Springer. p. 412. ISBN 978-0-230-27093-0. Archived from the original on 1 February 2023. Retrieved 3 September 2018.
- ^ "President Droupadi Murmu appoints six new Governors, reshuffles three others". The Hindu. 27 July 2024. Retrieved 28 July 2024.
- ^ "Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities: 52nd report (July 2014 to June 2015)" (PDF). Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India. pp. 58–59. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 December 2017. Retrieved 16 February 2016.
- ^ a b Cite error: The named reference
BnOffwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ PTI (30 December 2020). "Assam Assembly Accords Associate Official Language Status To Bodo". NDTV. Retrieved 21 February 2022.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
Meiteiwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ "Assam Budget 2021". 16 July 2021. Archived from the original on 17 July 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2021.
- ^ "Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Archived from the original on 23 September 2018. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
- ^ "Census 2011 (Final Data) – Demographic details, Literate Population (Total, Rural & Urban)" (PDF). planningcommission.gov.in. Planning Commission, Government of India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 January 2018. Retrieved 3 October 2018.
- ^ "Assam Legislative Assembly - History". Archived from the original on 13 September 2016. Retrieved 14 September 2016.
- ^ "Assam". Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 3 August 2020.
- ^ "Assam". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 7 January 2020.
- ^ Purkayastha, Biswa Kalyan (24 February 2024). "Assam recognises Manipuri as associate official language in four districts". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 17 May 2024.
- ^ "Here is India's oil story". The Financial Express. 3 May 2018. Archived from the original on 21 July 2019. Retrieved 21 July 2019.
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