Beta blocker medication
Atenolol Trade names Tenormin, others AHFS /Drugs.com Monograph MedlinePlus a684031 License data
Pregnancy category Routes of administration Oral , intravenous Drug class Selective β1 receptor antagonist ATC code Legal status
AU : S4 (Prescription only)
US : WARNING [ 1]
In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
Bioavailability 40–50% Protein binding 6–16%[ 2] Metabolism Minimal[ 2] Onset of action IV Tooltip Intravenous injection : <5 minutes[ 2] Oral : <1 hour[ 2] Elimination half-life 6–7 hours[ 2] Duration of action >24 hours[ 2] Excretion Urine (>85% IV , 50% oral)[ 2]
(RS )-2-{4-[2-Hydroxy-3-(propan-2-ylamino)propoxy]phenyl}acetamide
CAS Number PubChem CID IUPHAR/BPS DrugBank ChemSpider UNII KEGG ChEBI ChEMBL CompTox Dashboard (EPA ) ECHA InfoCard 100.044.941 Formula C 14 H 22 N 2 O 3 Molar mass 266.341 g·mol−1 3D model (JSmol ) Chirality Racemic mixture
O=C(N)Cc1ccc(cc1)OCC(O)CNC(C)C
InChI=1S/C14H22N2O3/c1-10(2)16-8-12(17)9-19-13-5-3-11(4-6-13)7-14(15)18/h3-6,10,12,16-17H,7-9H2,1-2H3,(H2,15,18)
Y Key:METKIMKYRPQLGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Y
(verify)
Atenolol is a beta blocker medication primarily used to treat high blood pressure and heart-associated chest pain .[ 3] Although used to treat high blood pressure, it does not seem to improve mortality in those with the condition.[ 4] [ 5] Other uses include the prevention of migraines and treatment of certain irregular heart beats .[ 3] [ 6] It is taken orally (by mouth) or by intravenous injection (injection into a vein).[ 3] [ 6] It can also be used with other blood pressure medications .[ 6]
Common side effects include feeling tired , heart failure , dizziness , depression , and shortness of breath .[ 3] Other serious side effects include bronchial spasm .[ 3] Use is not recommended during pregnancy [ 3] and alternative drugs are preferred when breastfeeding .[ 7] It works by blocking β1 -adrenergic receptors in the heart , thus decreasing the heart rate and workload.[ 3]
Atenolol was patented in 1969 and approved for medical use in 1975.[ 8] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines .[ 9] It is available as a generic medication .[ 3] In 2022, it was the 63rd most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 10 million prescriptions.[ 10] [ 11]
^ "FDA-sourced list of all drugs with black box warnings (Use Download Full Results and View Query links.)" . nctr-crs.fda.gov . FDA . Retrieved 22 October 2023 .
^ a b c d e f g "DailyMed - TENORMIN- atenolol tablet" . DailyMed . 30 June 2021. Archived from the original on 27 January 2022. Retrieved 20 November 2023 .
^ a b c d e f g h "Atenolol Monograph for Professionals" . Drugs.com . AHFS. Archived from the original on 18 April 2019. Retrieved 23 December 2018 .
^ Tomiyama H, Yamashina A (2014). "Beta-Blockers in the Management of Hypertension and/or Chronic Kidney Disease" . International Journal of Hypertension . 2014 : 919256. doi :10.1155/2014/919256 . PMC 3941231 . PMID 24672712 .
^ DiNicolantonio JJ, Fares H, Niazi AK, Chatterjee S, D'Ascenzo F, Cerrato E, et al. (2015). "β-Blockers in hypertension, diabetes, heart failure and acute myocardial infarction: a review of the literature" . Open Heart . 2 (1): e000230. doi :10.1136/openhrt-2014-000230 . PMC 4371808 . PMID 25821584 .
^ a b c British national formulary : BNF 76 (76 ed.). Pharmaceutical Press. 2018. pp. 151–153. ISBN 9780857113382 .
^ "Atenolol use while Breastfeeding" . Drugs.com . Archived from the original on 23 December 2018. Retrieved 23 December 2018 .
^ Fischer J, Ganellin CR (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery . John Wiley & Sons. p. 461. ISBN 9783527607495 .
^ World Health Organization (2021). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021) . Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl :10665/345533 . WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02.
^ "The Top 300 of 2022" . ClinCalc . Archived from the original on 30 August 2024. Retrieved 30 August 2024 .
^ "Atenolol Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2022" . ClinCalc . Retrieved 30 August 2024 .