Atrial natriuretic peptide

NPPA
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1ANP, 1YK0, 3N57
Identifiers
Aliases	NPPA, ANF, ANP, ATFB6, ATRST2, CDD, CDD-ANF, CDP, PND, Atrial natriuretic peptide, natriuretic peptide A
External IDs	OMIM: 108780; MGI: 97367; HomoloGene: 4498; GeneCards: NPPA; OMA:NPPA - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 1 (human)[1] Band 1p36.22 Start 11,845,709 bp[1] End 11,848,345 bp[1]
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 4 (mouse)[2] Band 4 E1|4 78.66 cM Start 148,085,179 bp[2] End 148,086,536 bp[2]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in cardiac muscle tissue of right atrium right auricle vena cava apex of heart pancreatic ductal cell left ventricle myocardium of left ventricle right ventricle parotid gland triceps brachii muscle Top expressed in atrium atrioventricular valve aortic valve endocardial cushion myocardium of ventricle cardiac muscles primordial ventricle interventricular septum right ventricle cardiac muscle tissue of atrium More reference expression data BioGPS n/a
Gene ontology Molecular function neuropeptide receptor binding hormone activity peptide hormone receptor binding neuropeptide hormone activity protein binding signaling receptor binding hormone receptor binding Cellular component cytoplasm mast cell granule nucleus perinuclear region of cytoplasm extracellular region extracellular space extracellular matrix protein-containing complex collagen-containing extracellular matrix Biological process response to muscle stretch positive regulation of cardiac muscle contraction response to hypoxia regulation of high voltage-gated calcium channel activity neuropeptide signaling pathway female pregnancy regulation of cardiac conduction negative regulation of collecting lymphatic vessel constriction positive regulation of potassium ion export across plasma membrane positive regulation of heart rate positive regulation of delayed rectifier potassium channel activity cGMP biosynthetic process regulation of blood pressure negative regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure regulation of calcium ion transmembrane transport via high voltage-gated calcium channel transcription initiation from RNA polymerase II promoter regulation of atrial cardiac muscle cell membrane repolarization response to insulin cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development negative regulation of cell growth cardiac muscle hypertrophy in response to stress cellular response to mechanical stimulus receptor guanylyl cyclase signaling pathway protein folding regulation of signaling receptor activity positive regulation of histamine secretion by mast cell positive regulation of cGMP-mediated signaling cGMP-mediated signaling Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 4878 230899 Ensembl ENSG00000175206 ENSMUSG00000041616 UniProt P01160 P05125 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_006172 NM_008725 RefSeq (protein) NP_006163 NP_032751 Location (UCSC) Chr 1: 11.85 – 11.85 Mb Chr 4: 148.09 – 148.09 Mb PubMed search [3] [4]
Wikidata
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Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) or atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) is a natriuretic peptide hormone secreted from the cardiac atria that in humans is encoded by the NPPA gene.^[5] Natriuretic peptides (ANP, BNP, and CNP) are a family of hormone/paracrine factors that are structurally related.^[6] The main function of ANP is causing a reduction in expanded extracellular fluid (ECF) volume by increasing renal sodium excretion. ANP is synthesized and secreted by cardiac muscle cells in the walls of the atria in the heart. These cells contain volume receptors which respond to increased stretching of the atrial wall due to increased atrial blood volume.

Reduction of blood volume by ANP can result in secondary effects such as reduction of extracellular fluid (ECF) volume, improved cardiac ejection fraction with resultant improved organ perfusion, decreased blood pressure, and increased serum potassium. These effects may be blunted or negated by various counter-regulatory mechanisms operating concurrently on each of these secondary effects.

Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) – a misnomer; it is secreted by cardiac muscle cells in the heart ventricles – is similar to ANP in its effect. It acts via the same receptors as ANP does, but with 10-fold lower affinity than ANP. The biological half-life of BNP, however, is twice as long as that of ANP, and that of NT-proBNP is even longer, making these peptides better choices than ANP for diagnostic blood testing.