| Formation | 23 October 1295 |
|---|---|
| Founded at | Paris |
| Dissolved | 15 July 1560 |
| Purpose | Defence pact |
Membership |  Kingdom of Scotland Kingdom of France |
Official language | French Scots Scottish Gaelic |
| History of Scotland |
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The Auld Alliance (Scots for "Old Alliance")[1][2] was an alliance between the kingdoms of Scotland and France against England made in 1295. The Scots word auld, meaning old, has become a partly affectionate term for the long-lasting association between the two countries. The alliance was never formally revoked,[3][4] although it is considered by some to have ended with the signing of the Treaty of Edinburgh in 1560.[5]
The alliance played a significant role in the relations among Scotland, France and England. The alliance was renewed by all the French and Scottish monarchs of that period except Louis XI.[6] By the late 14th century, the renewal occurred regardless of whether either kingdom was at war with England at the time.[7]
The alliance began with the treaty signed by John Balliol and Philip IV of France in 1295 against Edward I of England. The terms of the treaty stipulated that if either country were attacked by England, the other country would invade English territory. The 1513 Battle of Flodden, where the Scots invaded England in response to the English campaign against France, was one such occasion. Thomas Randolph, Earl of Moray, negotiated the renewal of the alliance in 1326. The alliance played an important role in the Wars of Scottish Independence, the Hundred Years' War, the War of the League of Cambrai, and the Rough Wooing.
- ^ French: Vieille Alliance; Scottish Gaelic: An Seann-chaidreachas
- ^ "FR01 – Auld Alliance". www.scottishdiasporatapestry.org. Archived from the original on 16 July 2020. Retrieved 23 February 2018.
- ^ "In a paper Dr Siobhan Talbott has argued the Franco-Scottish Auld Alliance of 1295 survived centuries of enmity and war between Britain and France – even after the Act of Union was signed in 1707". Archived from the original on 11 January 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2011.
- ^ "Beyond "The Antiseptic Realm of Theoretical Economic Models": New Perspectives on Franco-Scottish Commerce and the Auld Alliance in the Long Seventeenth Century". www.academia.edu. Archived from the original on 15 August 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2020.
- ^ Tanner, Roland, "Franco-Scottish Alliance," in The Oxford Companion to British History . Oxford University Press, 2009. pp. 390–91.
- ^ Cite error: The named reference
naturalisationwas invoked but never defined (see the help page). - ^ BONNER, ELIZABETH. “Scotland’s ‘Auld Alliance’ with France, 1295–1560.” History, vol. 84, no. 273, Wiley, 1999, pp. 5–30, JSTOR 24424506.