Autoclave

For other uses, see Autoclave (disambiguation).
Autoclave
Cutaway illustration of a jacketed rectangular-chamber autoclave
UsesSterilization
InventorCharles Chamberland
Related itemsWaste autoclave
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Cutaway illustration of a cylindrical-chamber autoclave

An autoclave is a machine used to carry out industrial and scientific processes requiring elevated temperature and pressure in relation to ambient pressure and/or temperature. Autoclaves are used before surgical procedures to perform sterilization and in the chemical industry to cure coatings and vulcanize rubber and for hydrothermal synthesis. Industrial autoclaves are used in industrial applications, especially in the manufacturing of composites.

Many autoclaves are used to sterilize equipment and supplies by subjecting them to pressurized saturated steam at 121 °C (250 °F) for 30–60 minutes at a pressure of 205 kPa or 2.02 atm[1] (about double atmospheric pressure) depending on the size of the load and the contents.[2] The autoclave was invented by Charles Chamberland in 1879,[3] although a precursor known as the steam digester was created by Denis Papin in 1679.[4] The name comes from Greek auto-, ultimately meaning self, and Latin clavis meaning key, thus a self-locking device.[5]

Video demonstrating how autoclaves work
  1. ^ Menge, John A. (1984). "Chapter 9: Inoculom Production". In Powel, Conway L.; Bagyaraj, D. Joseph (eds.). VA Mycorrhiza. CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-351-09441-2. Retrieved June 11, 2024.
  2. ^ Black, Jacquelyn (1993). Microbiology. Prentice Hall. p. 334. ISBN 9780135829172.
  3. ^ "Charles Chamberland, the inventor". Pasteur Institute. 9 November 2018. Archived from the original on 2021-11-22. Retrieved 2021-12-15.
  4. ^ Hugo WB (July 1991). "A brief history of heat and chemical preservation and disinfection". Journal of Applied Bacteriology. 71 (1): 9–18. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1991.tb04657.x. PMID 1894581.
  5. ^ "autoclave (n.)". Online Etymology Dictionary. Etymonline.com. September 16, 2018. Retrieved June 11, 2024.