Azawad conflict

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Azawad conflict
Part of Northern Mali conflict
Date 27 June 2012 – present Location Azawad, Northern Mali Status Ongoing MNLA Independence hijacked by Islamists Northern Mali ceded to Malian government MNLA-Malian conflict Tuareg-Fulani secretarial violence
Belligerents
Coordination of Azawad Movements (CMA)[1] National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (MNLA) High Council for the Unity of Azawad (HCUA) MAA-CMA GATIA (2023–present)[2]	Al-Qaeda Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin (2017–present) Al-Mourabitoun (2013–17) Ansar Dine (2012–17)[3] AQIM (2012–17) MOJWA (2011–13)[4][5] Nigerian jihadist volunteers (2012–13) Boko Haram (2012–13)[6] Ansaru (2012–13)[6]  Islamic State Islamic State Sahil Province
Commanders and leaders
Mahmoud Ag Aghaly Bilal Ag Acherif (WIA) Moussa Ag Acharatoumane Ag Mohamed Najem Moussa Ag Attaher Machkanani Ag Balla Bouna Ag Tahib † Wari Ag Ibrahim † Ahmed Ould Sidi Muhammed Boubacar Taleb	Iyad Ag Ghaly Mokhtar Belmokhtar † Abdelhamid Abou Zeid †[7][8] Abdelmalek Droukdel †[9] Ahmed al-Tilemsi †[5] Omar Ould Hamaha †[10] Ba Ag Moussa †
Strength
9,000 - 10,000 500	10,000+
Casualties and losses
19 killed, 60 wounded, 40 captured (2012) 17 killed, 20 wounded (2013) 1 killed, 1 wounded (2014) ~10 killed	~100 killed, 30 captured

The Azawad conflict has been a conflict in Northern Mali between the MNLA, a Tuareg nationalist group, and a coalition of Islamist groups. The conflict began when Northern Mali declared itself independent from the government, creating the unrecognized state of Azawad. The Islamists and MNLA formed an alliance in combatting the Malian government. An internal conflict sprung up over the imposing of sharia law in the new state and the MNLA distancing itself from the coalition to a democratic state. Islamists gained popularity amongst anti-Tuareg tribes which helped them overthrow MNLA authority in Gao. Both sides clashed repeatedly leading to the Battle of Gao, where the MNLA were driven from the North's two main cities, Gao and Timbuktu. The MNLA soon lost all of its strongholds in the North in a matter of months. They went into hiding secretly gaining support and strength. The beginning of 2013 led to the start of the French intervention in Mali that ousted the Islamists from the North's cities and brought back Malian authority. The MNLA supported the French and Chadian forces in military operations against Islamists' sanctuaries in the mountains. The MNLA recaptured several important towns in the Kidal Region but refused to disarm or hand them over to the Malian government. A series of Islamist-sponsored terror attacks plagued MNLA forces for siding with the French. Checkpoints and bases were targeted with suicide bombings that targeted MNLA members. A peace deal was reached with the Malian army in June that let the army transverse freely in MNLA-occupied zones that were under Malian jurisdiction. Ethnic violence sprung over the murder of a Tuareg Government officer's family. The MNLA responded by harassing and murdering Fulani civilians, who constitute a majority of Islamist rebels. The Islamists stepped up their attacks in one such instance massacring 30 Tuareg merchants. The MNLA has since been battling Islamists.