Bacteriophage T12 | |
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Virus classification | |
(unranked): | Virus |
Realm: | Duplodnaviria |
Kingdom: | Heunggongvirae |
Phylum: | Uroviricota |
Class: | Caudoviricetes |
Order: | Caudovirales |
Family: | Siphoviridae |
Virus: | Bacteriophage T12
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Bacteriophage T12 is a bacteriophage that infects Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria. It is a proposed species of the family Siphoviridae in the order Caudovirales also known as tailed viruses.[1] It converts a harmless strain of bacteria into a virulent strain. It carries the speA gene which codes for erythrogenic toxin A.[2] speA is also known as streptococcal pyogenic exotoxin A, scarlet fever toxin A, or even scarlatinal toxin.[3][4] Note that the name of the gene "speA" is italicized; the name of the toxin "speA" is not italicized. Erythrogenic toxin A converts a harmless, non-virulent strain of Streptococcus pyogenes to a virulent strain through lysogeny, a life cycle which is characterized by the ability of the genome to become a part of the host cell and be stably maintained there for generations.[5] Phages with a lysogenic life cycle are also called temperate phages.[2] Bacteriophage T12, proposed member of family Siphoviridae including related speA-carrying bacteriophages, is also a prototypic phage for all the speA-carrying phages of Streptococcus pyogenes, meaning that its genome is the prototype for the genomes of all such phages of S. pyogenes.[6] It is the main suspect as the cause of scarlet fever, an infectious disease that affects small children.[5]
McShan-Serine tRNA
was invoked but never defined (see the help page).Stevens and Tanner:exotoxin A and Toxic shock syndrome
was invoked but never defined (see the help page).Wagner-Phage Control
was invoked but never defined (see the help page).Johnson-Phage Involvement
was invoked but never defined (see the help page).McShan&Ferretti - Genetic Diversity
was invoked but never defined (see the help page).