Bacteriuria

Bacteriuria
Other namesBacteruria
Multiple rod-shaped bacteria shown between the larger white blood cells at urinary microscopy from a person with urinary tract infection.
SpecialtyEmergency medicine, infectious disease
TypesAsymptomatic, symptomatic[1][2]
Diagnostic methodUrinalysis, urine culture[3]
Differential diagnosisContamination[1]
TreatmentBased on symptoms or risk factors[3][4]
FrequencyAsymptomatic: 3% (middle aged women), up to 50% (women in nursing homes)[5]
Symptomatic: up to 10% of women a year[6][7]

Bacteriuria is the presence of bacteria in urine.[1] Bacteriuria accompanied by symptoms is a urinary tract infection while that without is known as asymptomatic bacteriuria.[1][2] Diagnosis is by urinalysis or urine culture.[3] Escherichia coli is the most common bacterium found.[1] People without symptoms should generally not be tested for the condition.[3] Differential diagnosis include contamination.[1]

If symptoms are present, treatment is generally with antibiotics.[3] Bacteriuria without symptoms generally does not require treatment.[4] Exceptions may include pregnant women, those who have had a recent kidney transplant, young children with significant vesicoureteral reflux, and those undergoing surgery of the urinary tract.[3][4]

Bacteriuria without symptoms is present in about 3% of otherwise healthy middle aged women.[5] In nursing homes rates are as high as 50% among women and 40% in men.[5] In those with a long term indwelling urinary catheter rates are 100%.[5] Up to 10% of women have a urinary tract infection in a given year and half of all women have at least one infection at some point in their lives.[6][7] There is an increased risk of asymptomatic or symptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy due to physiological changes that occur in a pregnant woman which promotes unwanted pathogen growth in the urinary tract.[8][9][10]

  1. ^ a b c d e f Das KV (2017). Textbook of Medicine: Two Volume Set. JP Medical Ltd. p. 1250. ISBN 9789386056108.
  2. ^ a b Sendi P, Borens O, Wahl P, Clauss M, Uçkay I (2017). "Management of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria, Urinary Catheters and Symptomatic Urinary Tract Infections in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Joint Replacement: A Position Paper of the Expert Group 'Infection' of swissorthopaedics". Journal of Bone and Joint Infection. 2 (3): 154–159. doi:10.7150/jbji.20425. PMC 5592375. PMID 28894690.
  3. ^ a b c d e f "Bacterial Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)". Merck Manuals Professional Edition. May 2016. Archived from the original on 7 January 2019. Retrieved 12 December 2017.
  4. ^ a b c Köves B, Cai T, Veeratterapillay R, Pickard R, Seisen T, Lam TB, et al. (December 2017). "Benefits and Harms of Treatment of Asymptomatic Bacteriuria: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis by the European Association of Urology Urological Infection Guidelines Panel". European Urology. 72 (6): 865–868. doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2017.07.014. PMID 28754533.
  5. ^ a b c d Colgan R, Nicolle LE, McGlone A, Hooton TM (September 2006). "Asymptomatic bacteriuria in adults". American Family Physician. 74 (6): 985–990. PMID 17002033.
  6. ^ a b Salvatore S, Salvatore S, Cattoni E, Siesto G, Serati M, Sorice P, Torella M (June 2011). "Urinary tract infections in women". European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology. 156 (2): 131–136. doi:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2011.01.028. PMID 21349630.
  7. ^ a b Nicolle LE (February 2008). "Uncomplicated urinary tract infection in adults including uncomplicated pyelonephritis". The Urologic Clinics of North America. 35 (1): 1–12, v. doi:10.1016/j.ucl.2007.09.004. PMID 18061019.
  8. ^ Cite error: The named reference :0 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  9. ^ Awoke N, Tekalign T, Teshome M, Lolaso T, Dendir G, Obsa MS (July 2021). "Bacterial Profile and asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women in Africa: A systematic review and meta analysis". eClinicalMedicine. 37: 100952. doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100952. PMC 8343252. PMID 34386744.
  10. ^ Emami A, Javanmardi F, Pirbonyeh N (August 2020). "Antibiotic resistant profile of asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women: a systematic review and meta-analysis". Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy. 18 (8): 807–815. doi:10.1080/14787210.2020.1759420. PMID 32321329. S2CID 216084453.