| Bat ray | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Chondrichthyes |
| Subclass: | Elasmobranchii |
| Order: | Myliobatiformes |
| Family: | Myliobatidae |
| Genus: | Myliobatis |
| Species: | M. californica
|
| Binomial name | |
| Myliobatis californica (T. N. Gill, 1865)
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| Range map | |
The bat ray (Myliobatis californica)[2][3][4] is an eagle ray found in muddy or sandy sloughs, estuaries and bays, kelp beds and rocky-bottomed shoreline in the eastern Pacific Ocean, between the Oregon coast and the Gulf of California and down to the Galápagos Islands.[5] The largest specimens can grow to a wingspan of 1.8 m (5 ft 11 in) and a mass of 91 kg (201 lb).[6] They more typically range from 9.07–13.61 kg (20.0–30.0 lb). The size of the bat ray is dependent on many factors, such as habitat alterations and different oceanographic and environmental conditions.[clarification needed] Some bat rays are solitary, while others form schools numbering in the thousands.[why?][7]
- ^ van Hees, K.; Pien, C.; Ebert, D.A.; Cailliet, G.M.; Smith, W.D. (2015). "Myliobatis californicus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T39416A80677869. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T39416A80677869.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ^ Gill, T.N. (1865). "Note on the family of myliobatoids, and on a new species of Aetobatis". Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y. 8, 135–138.
- ^ "Myliobatis californica". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 11 March 2006.
- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Myliobatis californica". FishBase. January 2006 version.
- ^ Florida Museum of Natural History. Bat Ray Biological Profile. Retrieved 2006-01-16.
- ^ Monterey Bay Aquarium Online Field Guide. Bat Ray. Retrieved 2012-06-14.
- ^ "Bat Rays ~ MarineBio Conservation Society". 2017-05-18. Retrieved 2022-10-20.