Battle of Alba de Tormes

Battle of Alba de Tormes
Part of Peninsular War

Marshal Nicolas Jean-de-Dieu Soult at the battle
Date28 November 1809[1][2]
Location
Alba de Tormes, Spain
40°50′N 5°30′W / 40.833°N 5.500°W / 40.833; -5.500
Result French victory[1]
Belligerents
First French Empire French Empire Spain Kingdom of Spain
Commanders and leaders
First French Empire François Kellermann Spain Duke del Parque
Strength
12,000[1] 18,000[1]
Casualties and losses
600[1] 4,000[1]
Peninsular war: Castile & Andalusia
Map
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100km
62miles
Tormes
12
11
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Uclés
1
Battle of Uclés (1809) at Uclés, on 13 January 1809
  current battle

In the Battle of Alba de Tormes on 28 November 1809,[2][3] an Imperial French corps commanded by François Étienne de Kellermann attacked a Spanish army led by Diego de Cañas y Portocarrero, Duke del Parque. Finding the Spanish army in the midst of crossing the Tormes River, Kellermann did not wait for his infantry under Jean Gabriel Marchand to arrive, but led the French cavalry in a series of charges that routed the Spanish units on the near bank with heavy losses. Del Parque's army was forced to take refuge in the mountains that winter. Alba de Tormes is 21 kilometres (13 mi) southeast of Salamanca, Spain. The action occurred during the Peninsular War, part of the Napoleonic Wars.

The Spanish Supreme Central and Governing Junta of the Kingdom planned to launch a two-pronged attack on Madrid in the fall of 1809. In the west, Del Parque's Army of the Left enjoyed some success against Marchand's weak VI Corps. When the Spanish general learned that the other offensive prong had been crushed at Ocaña, he turned around and began retreating rapidly to the south. At the same time, Marchand was reinforced by a dragoon division under Kellermann. Taking command, Kellermann raced in pursuit of the Army of the Left, catching up with it at Alba de Tormes. Not waiting for their own foot soldiers, the French dragoons and light cavalry fell upon the Spanish infantry and defeated it. Marchand's infantry arrived in time to mop up, but the cavalry had done most of the fighting. Del Parque's men retreated into the mountains where they spent a miserable few months.

  1. ^ a b c d e f Bodart 1908, p. 415.
  2. ^ a b Oman 1902c, p. 99.
  3. ^ Rickard, J. "Battle of Alba de Tormes, 28 November 1809". HistoryofWar.org. Retrieved 14 February 2022.