Battle of Ankara

Battle of Ankara
	; Battle Of Ankara, Mughal illustration
Date	28 July 1402
Location	Çubuk plain near Ankara40°09′N 32°57′E / 40.150°N 32.950°E
Result	Timurid victory
Belligerents
Timurid Empire; Aq Qoyunlu; Germiyanids	Ottoman Sultanate; Principality of Kastrioti; Moravian Serbia; District of Branković; Anatolian beyliks and Black Tatars
Commanders and leaders
Timur; Shah Rukh; Khalil Sultan; Miran Shah; Sultan Husayn Tayichiud; Muhammad Sultan Mirza; Pir Muhammad; Shah-i-Shahan; Uthman Beg; Yakup II of Germiyan	Bayezid I (POW); Süleyman Çelebi; Mehmed Çelebi; İsa Çelebi; Musa Çelebi (POW); Mustafa Çelebi (POW); Stefan Lazarević; Vuk Lazarević ; Đurađ Branković; Gjon I Kastrioti; Koja Zaharia; Dhimitër Jonima
Strength
140,000	85,000–120,000
	class=notpageimage\| Location within Turkey

The Battle of Ankara or Angora (Ottoman Turkish: آنقره محاربه‌سی, romanized: Anḳara Muḥârebesi) was fought on 28 July 1402,^[b] at the Çubuk plain near Ankara, between the forces of the Ottoman sultan Bayezid I and the emir of the Timurid Empire, Timur. The battle was a major victory for Timur, and it led to the Ottoman Interregnum.^[12]

Cite error: There are <ref group=lower-alpha> tags or {{efn}} templates on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=lower-alpha}} template or {{notelist}} template (see the help page).

^ Facts On File, Inc. (2009). Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East. Infobase Publishing. p. 31. ISBN 978-1438126760. Archived from the original on 23 January 2023. Retrieved 27 February 2021.
^ Yaşar Yüce; Ali Sevim (1991). Türkiye tarihi (in Turkish). Vol. 1. İstanbul: AKDTYKTTK Yayınları. p. 226.
^ Nicolle 1983, p. 29.
^ Cite error: The named reference Nicolle-est was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ Creasy 1878, p. 47.
^ Creasy 1878, p. 48.
^ Tucker 2010a, p. 320.
^ Bosworth 2007, p. 28.
^ Gheorghe 2022, p. 241.
^ Massoud 2019, p. 126.
^ Grant 2018, p. 159.
^ Creasy 1878, pp. 52–55.

[2] Facts On File, Inc. (2009). Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Africa and the Middle East. Infobase Publishing. p. 31. ISBN 978-1438126760. Archived from the original on 23 January 2023. Retrieved 27 February 2021.

[3] Yaşar Yüce; Ali Sevim (1991). Türkiye tarihi (in Turkish). Vol. 1. İstanbul: AKDTYKTTK Yayınları. p. 226.

[FOOTNOTENicolle198329-4] Nicolle 1983, p. 29.

[Nicolle-est-5] Cite error: The named reference Nicolle-est was invoked but never defined (see the help page).

[FOOTNOTECreasy187847-6] Creasy 1878, p. 47.

[FOOTNOTECreasy187848-7] Creasy 1878, p. 48.

[FOOTNOTETucker2010a320-8] Tucker 2010a, p. 320.

[FOOTNOTEBosworth200728-9] Bosworth 2007, p. 28.

[FOOTNOTEGheorghe2022241-10] Gheorghe 2022, p. 241.

[FOOTNOTEMassoud2019126-11] Massoud 2019, p. 126.

[FOOTNOTEGrant2018159-12] Grant 2018, p. 159.

[FOOTNOTECreasy187852–55-14] Creasy 1878, pp. 52–55.

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