Battle of Curupayty

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Battle of Curupayty
Part of the Paraguayan War
Top: Paraguayan artillery firing at allied forces Middle: Assault of the second Brazilian column Bottom: Brazilian navy bombardment
Date 22 September 1866 Location Curupayty, Paraguay Result Paraguayan victory
Belligerents
Paraguay	Empire of Brazil  Argentina  Uruguay
Commanders and leaders
José E. Díaz	Bartolomé Mitre Joaquim M. Lisboa Marques de Sousa Venancio Flores
Strength
5,000 49 cannons[1]: 63	11,000 Brazilians 9,000 Argentines 8 ironclads and 3 gunboats[1]: 63
Casualties and losses
92:[1]: 65  54 killed 38 wounded	4,227:[1]: 64  2,225 Argentine casualties 2,002 Brazilian casualties

The Battle of Curupayty was a key battle in the Paraguayan War. On the morning on 22 September 1866, the joint force of Brazilian, Argentine, and Uruguayan armies attacked Paraguayan fortified trenches on Curupayty. The Paraguayans were led by general José Eduvigis Díaz. This position was held by 5,000 men and 49 cannons, some of them in hidden places out of the attackers view. The Imperial Brazilian Navy gave support to the 20,000 assailants, but the ships had to keep some distance from the guns at the fortress of Humaitá, which led to the lack of accuracy and impact of the ship's fire. The navy's failure was crucial at the later ground battle result.^{[1]: 61–62}

The Paraguayans were also successful in misleading their foes: a trench drew most of the Brazilian fire, but the Paraguayan troops were located elsewhere. Around 20 percent of the almost 20,000 allied (Brazilian and Argentine) troops involved in the attack were lost; Paraguay lost less than a hundred men. The utter failure resulted in the change of the Allied command. Paraguay's biggest success in the ultimately disastrous war was limited because its military leader, Francisco Solano López, did not counterattack the defeated Allies. This failure for the coalition has been called their "greatest defeat of the war".^[2]